We revisit the one sense per discourse hypothesis of Gale et al. in the context of machine translation. Since a given sense can be lexicalized differently in translation, do we observe one translation per discourse? Analysis of manual translations reveals that the hypothesis still holds when using translations in parallel text as sense annotation, thus confirming that translational differences ...

Previous work [Gale, Church and Yarowsky, 1992] showed that with high probability a polysemous word has one sense per discourse. In this paper we show that for certain definitions of collocation, a polysemous word exhibits essentially only one sense per collocation. We test this empirical hypothesis for several definitions of sense and collocation, and discover that it holds with 90-99% accurac...

Simulation of the model of Muir and Schinckel containing genetic competition effects was initiated to determine how well REML could untangle variances due to direct and competition genetic effects and pen effects. A two-generation data set was generated with 6 unrelated males, each mated to 5 unrelated females to produce 300 progeny from which 30 females (one per mating in previous generation) ...

We report in this paper the observation of one tokenization per source. That is, the same critical fragment in different sentences from the same source almost always realize one and the same of its many possible tokenizations. This observation is demonstrated very helpful in sentence tokenization practice, and is argued to be with far-reaching implications in natural language processing. 1 I n ...

It is well-known that there are polysemous words like sentence whose ‘‘meaning’’ or ‘‘sense’’ depends on the context of use. We have recently reported on two new word-sense disambiguation systems, one trained on bilingual material (the Canadian Hansards) and the other trained on monolingual material (Roget’s Thesaurus and Grolier’s Encyclopedia). As this work was nearing completion, we observed...

Birds of prey have an important role in maintaining the populations of small animals, helping to keep the ecological balance in the regions they inhabit. The Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) is a bird from the Falconiforme order, Accipitridae family, which also comprises vultures, eagles and hawks. It is a diurnal bird found in the freshwater wetlands of Central and South America, Caribbean a...

A selection experiment was initiated in 1996 in which selection for (HP line) and against (LP line) feather pecking was performed. The foundation stock was a White Leghorn layer strain established in 1970 and maintained since then as a random bred control line at the Institute. Six hatches were produced over three generations. At the age of 68 weeks (generation 0, 1996), 35 weeks (generation 1,...