Stress granule (SG) assembly represents a conserved eukaryotic defense strategy against various insults. Although essential for the ability to cope with deleterious conditions, the signaling pathways controlling SG formation are not fully understood. The energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is critical for the cellular stress response. Human cells produce two AMPK catalytic α-subun...

in this study, the effect of edible coating and osmotic dehydration, as pre-treatments before drying of cucurbit, were investigated. cucurbit samples were cut spirally and coated by carboxy methyl cellulose (cmc) 1% and ascorbic acid 0.1% solutions and then processed by osmotic dehydration. proportion of sample to solution was 1:10 and the solution containing sucrose %45, salt%25 and citric aci...

some physical properties and chemical compositions of two cultivars (semsouri and shahabadi) of cantaloupe studied during four different stages of maturity from fruit set to completely ripe. the physical properties investigated were the geometric mean diameter (gmd), specific gravity (sg), mean firmness (mf), rind, seed (%) and flesh (%). the chemical compositions were brix, titrable acidity (t...

Density-functional approximations developed in the past decade necessitate the use of quadrature grids that are far more dense than those required to integrate older generations of functionals. This category of difficult-to-integrate functionals includes meta-generalized gradient approximations, which depend on orbital gradients and/or the Laplacian of the density, as well as functionals based ...

Hyposalivation often leads to irreversible and untreatable xerostomia. Salivary gland (SG) stem cell therapy is an attractive putative option to salvage these patients but is impeded by the limited availability of adult human tissue. Here, using murine SG cells, we demonstrate single-cell self-renewal, differentiation, enrichment of SG stem cells, and robust in vitro expansion. Dependent on ste...

Siegesbeckia glabrescens (SG) Makino (Compositae) has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of allergic and inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we report the effects and molecular mechanism of an ethanolic extract of SG on cell proliferation, migration and tube formation in vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. SG ...

The moduli space Sg of smooth spin curves parameterizes pairs [C, η], where [C] ∈ Mg is a curve of genus g and η ∈ Pic(C) is a theta-characteristic. The finite forgetful map π : Sg → Mg has degree 22g and Sg is a disjoint union of two connected components S+ g and S− g of relative degrees 2g−1(2g +1) and 2g−1(2g − 1) corresponding to even and odd theta-characteristics respectively. A compactifi...

A probabilistic interpretation is constructed for the symmetry group G of the finite differencedifferential equation ∂tη(x, t) = η(x, t) − η(x+ 1, t) using the Doob transform for Markov (jump) processes. While the first three generators of G correspond to the identity and to space and time shifts, we show that in this interpretation the fourth generator of G is associated to time dilations and ...

so that the creation operator is separated from the annihilation one. Later, we will also need the concept of normal order ; so let us define the normal ordering symbol N() to place whatever operators in normal order, for example N ( a(p)a(k)†a(q) ) ≡ a(k)†a(p)a(q) . (4) The meaning of the “time–ordering” symbol T is well known: it instructs us to place the operators that follow in order with t...

We determine the smooth locus and the locus of canonical singularities in the Cornalba compactification Sg of the moduli space Sg of spin curves, i.e., smooth curves of genus g with a theta characteristic. Moreover, the following lifting result for pluricanonical forms is proved: Every pluricanonical form on the smooth locus of Sg extends holomorphically to a desingularisation of Sg.