Aims: To clarify the usefulness of preservative-free ophthalmic preparations equipped with a filter. Methods: A total of 1,615 samples of in-use ophthalmic preparations were examined for microbial contamination. Results: Of 1,094 samples of preservative-containing ophthalmic preparations, 31 (2.8%) showed microbial contamination. Of 289 samples of preservative-free ophthalmic preparations witho...

The International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) is a global organization with a regional focus. Working in partnership with supranational and ICO member societies, the ICO is building a "World Alliance for Sight" to improve access to the highest-quality eye care worldwide. Designed to preserve and restore vision on an international scale, the ICO initiative, "Refocusing Ophthalmic Education," ...

Fingolimod (FTY720), a novel class of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators, has received special interest among ophthalmologists, particularly given that oral administration of FTY720 has proven to effectively treat corneal graft rejection in animal models. However, no studies have examined the performance of FTY720 as an ophthalmic solution in reducing corneal rejection in high-risk cor...

In many places commemorative plaques are erected on buildings to serve as historical markers of notable men and women who lived in them – London has a Blue Plaque scheme for this purpose. We investigated the influence Plaques selling prices real estate. identified properties which sold both before after was installed indexing relative median prevailing sales same neighborhood. Relative increase...

introduction: one of the most common markers in alzheimer’s disease (ad) is amyloid beta (aβ) plaques. anti-inflamm-atory agents including phagocytosis by immune cells, proteolytic enzymes and liver are known to decline the risk of aβ plaques formation. in the previous study we showed that aqueous extract of lavandula angusti-folia (lavender) improved memory deficits in alzheimeric rats. here, ...

Transgenic mice over-expressing mutant human amyloid precursor protein (PDAPP mouse) develop several Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like lesions including an age-related accumulation of amyloid-?-containing neuritic plaques. Although aged, heterozygous PDAPP mice also exhibit synaptic and glial cell changes, that is characteristic of AD pathology, no evidence of neurodegeneration has been observed. T...

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Cosmetic facial filler-related ophthalmic artery occlusion is rare but is a devastating complication, while the exact pathophysiology is still elusive. Cerebral angiography provides more detailed information on blood flow of ophthalmic artery as well as surrounding orbital area which cannot be covered by fundus fluorescein angiography. This study aimed to evaluate cerebral angiographic features...

PURPOSE We tested the hypothesis that the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype mediates cholinergic responses in murine ophthalmic arteries after endothelial removal. METHODS Muscarinic receptor gene expression was determined in ophthalmic arteries with intact and with removed endothelium using real-time PCR. To examine the role of the M3 receptor in mediating vascular responses, opht...

To make clinicians aware of potential sources of error in ophthalmic pharmaceutical clinical trials that can lead to erroneous interpretation of results, a critical review of the study design of various pharmaceutical ophthalmic clinical trials was completed. Discrepancies as a result of study shortcomings may explain observed differences between reported ophthalmic trial data and observed clin...