Figure 1: Directed aromatic functionalization methods. The title of this Thematic Series brings to the minds of most organic chemists the beautifully logical aromatic electrophilic substitution (SEAr) [1-5] and, to a lesser extent, nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) [2,6,7] reactions as taught to many generations of students in their first organic chemistry courses [8] (Figure 1). Being ...

We explore the magnitude of and current trends in HIV infection among people who inject drugs and estimate the reach of harm reduction interventions among them in seven high-burden countries of the South-East Asia Region. Our data are drawn from the published and unpublished literature, routine national HIV serological and behavioural surveillance surveys and information from key informants. Si...

Opioid rotation refers to a switch from one opioid to another in an effort to improve the response to analgesic therapy or reduce adverse effects. It is a common method to address the problem of poor opioid responsiveness despite optimal dose titration. Guidelines for opioid rotation are empirical and begin with the selection of a safe and reasonably effective starting dose for the new opioid, ...

The (name of board) recognizes that the prevalence of addiction to heroin and other opioids has risen sharply in the United States and that the residents of the State of (name of state) should have access to modern, appropriate and effective addiction treatment. The appropriate application of up-to-date knowledge and treatment modalities can successfully treat patients who suffer from opioid ad...

BACKGROUND Outcomes of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in the management of opioid dependency can be impaired by poor adherence and retention, concomitant drug use, poor adjustment of methadone dosage, and low levels of awareness regarding methadone among drug users, among other factors. This study investigated the effects of intensive blended treatment literacy and psychoeducation on tre...

HIV prevalence worldwide among people who inject drugs (PWID) is around 19%. Harm reduction for PWID includes needle-syringe programs (NSPs) and opioid substitution therapy (OST) but often coupled with antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV. Numerous studies have examined the effectiveness of each harm reduction strategy. This commentary discusses the evidence of effectiveness ...

Natasa Gisev ([email protected]) Amy Gibson ([email protected]) Sarah Larney ([email protected]) Jo Kimber ([email protected]) Megan Williams ([email protected]) Anton Clifford ([email protected]) Michael Doyle ([email protected]) Lucy Burns ([email protected]) Tony Butler ([email protected]) Don J Weatherburn ([email protected]) Louisa ...

OBJECTIVE To prospectively assess if opiate antagonist treatment or the opiate-free status could reverse opiate-related vasculopathy. DESIGN Longitudinal Open Observational, Serial 'N of One', over 6.5 years under various treatment conditions: opiate dependence, naltrexone and opiate-free. SETTING Primary care, Australia. PARTICIPANTS 20 opiate-dependent patients (16 males: 16 cases of bu...