conclusions lower agreeableness, decreased conscientiousness, higher neuroticism, diminished openness, low socio-economic status, and male sex might make university students more inclined to substance abuse. thus, it is reasonable to show the importance of these factors in tailored prevention programs. results being male sex and neuroticism had a significant positive role in predicting positive...

conclusions as literature research is one of the most important stages of research, it's better for researchers, especially substance-related disorders scholars to use different search engines with the best recall, preciseness and importance in that subject field to reach desirable results while searching and they don’t depend on just one search engine. results results have shown that the ...

The United States leads the developed world in drug poisonings, a title earned through vastly increased opioid analgesic use (1). Overdoses involving opioid analgesics killed almost 17 000 persons in 2010—nearly as many as car accidents—and the number of people with opioid analgesic use disorders has increased to nearly 2 million. As a medical community, we have an ethical obligation to use our...

BACKGROUND Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia and related disorders. Our previous study showed that this compound also induces antinociceptive effects. The present study aimed to assess the participation of the opioid system in this effect. METHODS Male Swiss mice were submitted to paw pressure test and hyperalgesia was induced by intraplantar injection of prost...

Constipation is a common symptom in palliative care patients which can generate considerable suffering. There is uncertainty about the choice of treatment options from varying recommendations for management of constipation and a varying clinical practice in palliative care settings. The purpose of the review was to evaluate the current recommendations of therapy guidelines for the management of...

The study assessed the lifetime prevalence of comorbidity in forty three DSM III-R opioid and alcohol dependent patients. A total lifetime prevalence rate of 60.5% was found. The results are discussed axis wise and compared with previous relevant studies. There was no significant difference in comorbidity between the opioid and alcohol Dependent groups. Comorbidity on both Axis I and II were hi...

Opioid receptors are important drug targets for pain management, addiction, and mood disorders. Although substantial research on these important subtypes of G protein-coupled receptors has been conducted over the past two decades to discover ligands with higher specificity and diminished side effects, currently used opioid therapeutics remain suboptimal. Luckily, recent advances in structural b...

BACKGROUND Use of opioids for chronic noncancer pain is increasing, but standards of care for this practice are poorly defined. Psychiatric disorders are associated with increased physical symptoms such as pain and may be associated with opioid use, but no prospective population-based studies have addressed this issue. METHODS Analysis of longitudinal data from 6439 participants in the 1998 a...