The causes of nonglaucomatous optic disk atrophy and excavation are enumerated in people 65 years or older: congenital anomalies, myopia, ischemic disorders, transsynaptic degeneration, traumatic, compressive, hereditary, toxic and infectious optic neuropathy.

In a case of familial hypophosphatemic rickets, marked bone thickening caused narrowing of the optic canals, resulting in bilateral optic atrophy. The case also showed metastatic calcification in the walls of both globes.

PURPOSE To determine the molecular genetic cause in previously unreported probands with optic atrophy from the United Kingdom, Czech Republic and Canada. METHODS OPA1 coding regions and flanking intronic sequences were screened by direct sequencing in 82 probands referred with a diagnosis of bilateral optic atrophy. Detected rare variants were assessed for pathogenicity by in silico analysis....

OBJECTIVE To describe retinal and optic disc atrophy and a progressive decrease of visual function in 2 Japanese brothers. Both had a mutation in the CACNA1F gene, the causative gene of incomplete congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB). METHODS We studied observational case reports and performed comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations including best-corrected visual acuity, biomicrosc...

The anterior visual pathway is frequently affected in multiple sclerosis (MS), but how axonal damage extends from the site of the lesion to neuronal bodies in the retina or lateral geniculate nucleus is poorly understood. Thanks to optical coherence tomography (OCT), it is possible to map and quantify the retrograde diffusion of axonal damage to the retina. Lesions in the anterior optic pathway...

Reported are the results of a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial of annual ivermectin dosing in 34 rural communities, Kaduna State, northern Nigeria, where guinea savanna onchocerciasis is mesoendemic. A total of 939 individuals underwent Friedmann field analysis at the first examination and saw at least 19 spots in at least one eye. Of these, 636 (68%) completed a subsequent F...

The association between post-traumatic optic disc pallor and traumatic choroidal rupture is poorly understood. To further define this relationship, nine cases of indirect traumatic choroidal rupture and post-traumatic optic disc pallor were compared with cases of indirect choroidal rupture without disc pallor in terms of severity of ocular injury, fundus findings, and visual outcome. The type a...

CHLORAMPHENICOL is an antibiotic that is used mainly for treating diseases caused by bacteria which are not sensitive to other, less toxic, antibiotics. Some of these diseases entail prolonged courses of treatment and the drug has to be administered for months or even years; the commonest diseases requiring prolonged treatment are subacute bacterial endocarditis, pyelonephritis, and fibrocystic...

VACCINIA virus is now regarded as " pantropic"; Murti and Shrivastav (1957), in their studies on the behaviour of variola virus and one strain of vaccinia virus, observed that the infection became generalized after inoculation on the skin of the rabbit with vaccinia virus, and that lesions of varying severity were seen in the lungs, heart, liver, and kidney, as well as the skin. It is only to b...