In the Pickup and Delivery Problem (PDP) a fleet of vehicles must serve customers requests which consist of transporting objects from their origins to their destinations. We introduce the PDP with Fixed Partial Routes (PDP-FPR), in which some partial routes are given, and the problem consists in obtaining a solution (a set of routes) which include those partial routes. We have analyzed the comp...

To meet the growing global demand for gluconic acid as a cement and concrete retarder, inexpensive abundant lignocellulosic materials are regarded most suitable alternatives to starchy materials. However, their enzymatic hydrolysate contains not only glucose but also xylose, which negatively affects performance of retarder. Notably, is preferentially bio-oxidized into by Gluconobacter oxydans, ...