Roots are the key elements in water saving rice cultivation. So, Background the response of rice roots are to be phenotyped under varied drip irrigation treatments. : This study describes an investigation on rice root Methods phenotyping under drip irrigation treatments in split-split plot design. Two lateral spacing levels (0.8 and 1.2m), laid at two depths of sub surface irrigation (5-10 and ...

Introduction We aimed to investigate irrigation and drainage characteristics of commercially available urethral catheters and determined which catheter offers the best flow characteristics. Material and methods Twelve different commercially available urethral catheters from three companies (Bard™, Rusch™ and Dover™) were investigated to compare their irrigation and drainage properties. Irriga...

Water and fertilizer are two important factors influencing crop growth, development and yield formation. To investigate their combined effects on the soil-plant system, and to find out the optimal water and organic fertilizer coupling strategy for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L), an experiment was carried out from May to October in 2016 in the south of China. The experiment consisted of three d...

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of varying nitrogen (N) supply andirrigation methods on the root growth and distribution of maize (Zea mays L.) in Wuwei,northwest China in 2011 and 2012. The irrigation treatments included alternate furrow irrigation(AI), fixed furrow irrigation (FI) and conventional furrow irrigation (CI). The N supply treatmentsincluded alternate ...

A linear-like discrete-time fuzzy controller was designed to control and stabilize a single-pool irrigation canal. Saint Venant equations for open-channel flow were linearized using the Taylor series and a finite-difference approximation of the original nonlinear partial differential equations. Using the linear optimal control theory, a traditional linear quadratic regulator (LQR) was first dev...

the shortage of fresh water and growing competition for clear water makes less water available for agriculture production. the great chalange for the coming decades will be the task of increasing food  production with less water, particularly in countries  with limited water and land resources. therefore, increasing of irrigation efficienciy and decreasing of water losses are important factores...

With uncertainty in future irrigation water availability and regulations on nutrient application amounts, experimentally determined effects of “controllable” management strategies such as nitrogen (N), water, and their combination on crop water productivity (CWP, also known as crop water use efficiency) and actual evapotranspiration (ETa) are essential. The effects of various N application rate...