Cone photoreceptors are required for color discrimination and highresolution central vision and are lost in macular degenerations, cone and cone/rod dystrophies. Cone transplantation could represent a therapeutic solution. However, an abundant source of human cones remains difficult to obtain. Work performed in model organisms suggests that anterior neural cell fate is induced ‘by default’ if B...

The set of all possible flux distributions over a metabolic network at steady state defines a polyhedral cone, the steady-state flux cone. As any polyhedral cone, this cone may be described mathematically in two different ways: either by an inner description using sets of generating vectors, or an outer description based on systems of linear equations and inequalities. Some of the most popular ...

We call a positive semidefinite matrix whose elements are nonnegative a doubly nonnegative matrix, and the set of those matrices the doubly nonnegative cone (DNN cone). The DNN cone is not symmetric but can be represented as the projection of a symmetric cone embedded in a higher dimension. In [16], the authors demonstrated the efficiency of the DNN relaxation using the symmetric cone represent...

PURPOSE Due to the low abundance of cone photoreceptors in the mouse retina and the scarcity of alternative animal models, little is known about mechanisms of cone degeneration. Nrl knockout mice develop exclusively the cone-type of photoreceptors. However, the cone photoreceptor layer in Nrl(-/-) mice displays an irregular morphology with severe rosette formation. Retinas of Rpe65(-/-);Nrl(-/-...

The ganzfeld-evoked electroretinogram (ERG) is the most effective measure of the mass electrical response of cones and rods; however, all variables affecting the various components of the ERG have not been identified. The scotopic b-wave amplitude has been appreciated to be age-dependent, but little or no information exists in the literature regarding age dependency for other components. Linear...

We measured phase shifts between Long-wavelength cone (L-cone) and Middle-wavelength cone (M-cone) signals as well as sensitivity in the luminance pathway either following a cone-silent substitution of colored background or on a steady colored background. In background substitution, the phase shifts between L- and M-cone signals varied only slightly depending on the substituted color, whereas m...

The neural basis for the effects of color and contrast on perceived speed was examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Responses to S cone (blue-yellow) and L + M cone (luminance) patterns were measured in area V1 and in the motion area MT+. The MT+ responses were quantitatively similar to perceptual speed judgments of color patterns but not to color detection measures. We a...

SYNOPSIS Results of unconsolidated-undrained triaxial tests, field vane shear tests and cone penetration tests have been used to develop correlations between undrained shear strength and cone resistance for a soft to medium alluvial clay in the Lopez Canyon area of San Diego. When comparing uu triaxial results with cone resistance, the average cone factor was 11 with a standard deviation of 1.5...

For a closed cone C in Rn, the completely positive cone of C is the convex cone K in Sn generated by {uuT : u ∈ C}. Completely positive cones arise, for example, in the conic LP reformulation of a nonconvex quadratic minimization problem over an arbitrary set with linear and binary constraints. Motivated by the useful and desirable properties of the nonnegative orthant and the positive semidefi...

Hue sensations resulting from the selective stimulation of short-wavelength-sensitive (S) and middle-wavelength-sensitive (M) cones were deduced from measurements of spectral unique green and unique blue under conditions of high or low S-cone sensitivity relative to M- and long-wavelength-sensitive-cone sensitivity. Selective reduction of S-cone stimulation shifted unique blue toward shorter wa...