An order-sorted logic can be regarded as a generalized first-order predicate logic that includes many and ordered sorts (i.e. a sort-hierarchy). In the fields of knowledge representation and AI, this logic with sort-hierarchy has been used to design a logic-based language appropriate for representing taxonomic knowledge. By incorporating the sort-hierarchy, order-sorted resolution and sorted lo...

The Whelk logic has been proposed as a foundation for logic program synthesis. Here, I interpret the rules of Whelk as rules of rst-order logic and derive them in Isabelle. Theoretically, this provides a means to understand the meta-theory behind Whelk, and its correctness. The interpretation suggests simpliications, corrections, and extensions. Practically, it provides a way to construct logic...

Second-order logic has a number of attractive features, in particular the strong expressive resources it offers, and the possibility of articulating categorical mathematical theories (such as arithmetic and analysis). But it also has its costs. Five major charges have been launched against second-order logic: (1) It is not axiomatizable; as opposed to first-order logic, it is inherently incompl...

Abstract Parallel to Arab Nahḍah , Ottoman modernization program is associated with the Tanzimat, a period of drastic social, political and institutional transformation. The word tanẓīmāt itself, however, merely means “regulations” or “reorganization” very little has been done in investigating conceptual ideational foundations Tanzimat reforms. question at stake here how these series reforms we...

We address the import of AI for philosophical logic and examine the requirements posed by knowledge representation and reasoning issues which AI has addressed, most especially through its Logic Programming field, to more dynamic forms of logic, in order to deal with knowledge in flux. In the process, we consider its encroachments on the philosophy of knowledge.

Spatial conjunction is a powerful construct for reasoning about dynamically allocated data structures, as well as concurrent, distributed and mobile computation. While researchers have identified many uses of spatial conjunction, its precise expressive power compared to traditional logical constructs was not previously known. In this paper we establish the expressive power of spatial conjunctio...

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) implement evidence-based medicine designed to help generate a therapy for a patient suffering from a single disease. When applied to a comorbid patient, the concurrent combination of treatment steps from multiple CPGs is susceptible to adverse interactions in the resulting combined therapy (i.e., a therapy established according to all considered CPGs). This i...

We have developed the effective algorithm for detecting digital binary phase-shift keyed signals. This algorithm requires a small number of arithmetic operations over the signal period. It can be relatively easy implemented based on the modern programmable logic devices. It also provides high interference immunity by identifying signal presence when signal-to-noise ratio is much less that its w...