Ionospheric delay effect is a critical issue that limits the accuracy of precise Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning and navigation for single-frequency users, especially in mid- and low-latitude regions where variations in the ionosphere are larger. Kriging spatial interpolation techniques have been recently introduced to model the spatial correlation and variability of ionos...

In numerical dosimetry, the recent advances in high performance computing led to a strong reduction of the required computational time to assess the specific absorption rate (SAR) characterizing the human exposure to electromagnetic waves. However, this procedure remains time-consuming and a single simulation can request several hours. As a consequence, the influence of uncertain input paramete...

Agricultural development in northern polar areas has potential as a result of global warming. Such expansion requires modern soil surveys and large-scale maps. In this study, the abandoned arable experimental field founded by I.G. Eichfeld one century ago Salekhard city (Russian Arctic), located circle, was investigated. Our aims were to assess nutritional properties their spatial variability. ...

geostatistical approaches have great importance because they include spatial correlation of geographic data. present study evaluated the efficiency of geostatistical techniques and demonstrated their capabilities in studying the soil variables(soil texture (sand percent), ec and so4-2) in the important plant community of nitraria schoberi in meighan desert, arak. a regular grid on the map compr...

Forests are the main body of carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems and forest aboveground biomass (AGB) is an important manifestation sequestration. Reasonable accurate quantification relationship between AGB its driving factors great importance for increasing function forests. Remote sensing observations field measurements can be used to estimate large areas. To explore applicability ...

Detailed maps of regional spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) are needed to guide sustainable soil uses and management decisions. Interpolation methods based on spatial auto-correlations, environmental covariates, or hybrid methods are commonly used to predict SOC maps. Many of these methods perform well for gentle terrains. However, it is unknown how these methods perform to capt...

A study was designed to compare the performance of six spatial interpolation methods to estimate soil properties at unvisited points. These methods were global mean, moving average, nearest neighbour, inverse squared distance, Laplacian smoothing splines and ordinary point kriging. These methods were also applied in combination with a choropleth map (soil map) by stratifying the area. The soil ...