We study the collective modes in the magnetic-field-induced spin-density-wave (FISDW) phases experimentally observed in organic conductors of the Bechgaard salts family. In phases that exhibit a sign reversal of the quantum Hall effect (Ribault anomaly), the coexistence of two spin-density waves gives rise to additional long wavelength collective modes besides the Goldstone modes due to spontan...

Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, is one of the key planetary objects in the field of exobiology. Its dense, nitrogen-rich atmosphere is the site of important organic chemistry. This paper focuses on the organic aerosols produced in Titan's atmosphere that play an important role in atmospheric and surface processes and in organic chemistry as it applies to exobiological interests. To produce r...

Received 20 Feb.2014 Revised 18 Mar. 2014 Accepted 19 May 2014 Available online 16 Jun. 2014

The oceans represent a significant global source of atmospheric aerosols. Sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles comprise sea salts and organic species in varying proportions. In addition to size, the overall composition of SSA particles determines how effectively they can form cloud droplets and ice crystals. Thus, understanding the factors controlling SSA composition is critical to predicting aero...

New types of Lewis acids as water-stable catalysts have been developed. Metal salts such as rare earth metal triflates can be used in carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions in aqueous media. These salts can be recovered after the reactions and reused. Furthermore, Lewis acid–surfactant-combined catalysts, which can be used for reactions in water without using any organic solvents, have been also ...

Steroid and terpene chemistry still have a great impact on medicinal chemistry. Therefore, the development of new reactions or "greener" processes in this field is a contemporaneous issue. In this review, the use of bismuth(III) salts, as "ecofriendly" reagents/catalysts, on new chemical processes involving steroids and terpenes as substrates will be focused. Special attention will be given to ...

Preparation of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) via microwave heating is becoming increasingly popular due to reduced reaction times and enhanced control of MOF particle size. However, there is little understanding about the detailed interaction of the electric field portion of the wave with reactants during the synthesis of MOFs. In order to overcome this lack of fundamental understanding, info...

A series of novel ferrocenyl- and aryl-phosphonofluorodithioic salts, adducts, and esters has been prepared. The reaction of 2,4-diferrocenyl-1,3,2,4-diathiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide {[FcP(μ-S)S]2, FcLR} with dry KF or tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) led to the corresponding potassium and tetrabutylammonium salts of ferrocenyldithiofluorophosphinic acids. Treating potassium ferrocenyldithi...

1. It may be shown by means of cells of the flowers of a hybrid Rhododendron which contain a natural indicator, by means of starfish eggs stained with neutral red, and by means of an "artificial cell" in which living frog's skin is employed that increased intracellular alkalinity may be brought about by solutions of a decidedly acid reaction which contain ammonium salts. 2. These results are an...

Certain concentrated mixtures of salts and solvents are not simply "solutions" anymore, but they may be described as "ionic liquids". In this perspective paper, we describe possible criteria for the new family of ionic liquids: "solvate" ionic liquids. This subclass of ionic liquids was originally proposed by Angell et al. in their recent review; however, their criteria remain to be debated. Co...