A rational design of paraoxonase 1 based on molecular docking discovered H115W/T332S and I74F/H115W/T332S mutants exhibited a 40-fold increase in catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) toward the hydrolysis of two toxic and popular organophosphates (diethyl-paraoxon and dimethyl-paraoxon). Moreover, the conversion of the paraoxons (741.3-825.6 mg L(-1)) by the evolved mutants was 42-60-fold faster than...

Introduction: Pesticide poisoning is an important cause of worldwide mortality, especially in developing countries. Due to the fact that, Hamadan (a province in the west of Iran) is an agricultural area, every year some people are poisoned by these products. Material & methods: This prospective & cross-sectional study was designed to analyze the various causes of pesticide poisoning in pati...

Organophosphate (OP) pesticides, monocrotophos (MCP), dichlorvos (DDVP) and phosphamidon significantly inhibit both MAO-A and MAO-B activities in rat brain mitochondria. The inhibition of MAO-A by MCP is reversible whereas the inhibition by DDVP and phosphamidon is irreversible. MAO-B is inhibited irreversibly by all these organophosphates suggesting that the mechanism of action of OP pesticide...

Episulfides were determined by a simple colorimetric assay using 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)-pyridine, which has been used previously for the detection and analysis of epoxides, organophosphates, and other alkylating agents. With episulfides, absorbance was directly proportional to concentration up to an absorbance of at least 1.0. No interference was observed with a variety of non-episulfide sulfur-cont...

ginning as a basis for more detaile.d conside.rati~ns ~ith specific types of compounds. SpecIal attentIon IS gIven to the interactions of organophosphates with cholinesterase and the ion permeability of insect nerve, areas of special interest to the author and of general importance. The author has sifted the literature into firm and tentative findings, fact, and opinion. Metabolic pathways are ...

INTRODUCTION  Research on the workplace has emphasized the effects of noise exposure on workers' hearing, but has not considered the effects of agrochemicals. AIM  To evaluate and correlate the hearing level and tinnitus of workers exposed simultaneously to noise and organophosphates in their workplace and to measure tinnitus distress on their quality of life. METHOD  A retrospective clinic...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the benefits of using serial measurements of plasma cholinesterase (butyrylcholinesterase, BuChE) activity in the management of cholinesterase inhibitor insecticidal poisoning. METHOD After establishing and validating BuChE activity test, and making it available for clinical service in the toxicology laboratory at Jordan University Hospital. Serial measurements of BuChE ...