Break-up strength of flocs against hydrodynamic strain generated in a converging flow adjacent to orifice was analyzed using polystyrene latex flocs of different structures. A simple method to find the largest surviving floc after passing through the orifice as a function of flow rate allows us to evaluate the bond strength in flocs. It was confirmed that the strength of floc is constant irresp...

Mitral effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) using the flow convergence (FC) method is used to quantify the severity of mitral regurgitation (MR). However, it is challenging and prone to interobserver variability in complex valvular pathology. We hypothesized that real-time three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (RT3D TEE) derived anatomic regurgitant orifice area (AROA) ca...

In single stage valves, the main spools are stroked directly by solenoid actuators. They are cheaper and more reliable than multistage valves. Their use, however, is restricted to low bandwidth and low flow rate applications due to the limitation of the solenoid actuators. Our research focuses on alleviating the need for large and expensive solenoids in single stage valves by advantageously usi...

A study of the flow properties of argon through an orifice has been performed with the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. The study covered the full extent of the transition regime between free-molecule and continuum flow, both in the upstream and downstream regions. Results for Mach number, number density, velocity and temperature are shown for three representative cases for a specified geo...

The performance of Wright peak flow meters is described using an absolute and precise calibration method. This showed errors as great as 25% with the peak flow meter and 40% with the mini peak flow meter. At large flow rates errors were less. The expected variation between individual peak flow meters was about 12%. The expected variation between individual mini peak flow meters was between 16% ...

BACKGROUND The effective aortic regurgitant orifice area varies with aortic pressure in animal models of acute aortic regurgitation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the aortic regurgitant orifice area changes during diastole in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation. METHODS AND RESULTS Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography were performed immediately before and a...

Submarine groundwater discharge can significantly influence the near shore transport of chemicals into surface waters. Quantification of the sources and rates of such discharge is critical to development of management strategies. Quantification requires a groundwater seepage meter that provides continuous measurements at high resolutions over an extended period of time. An ultrasonic flow meter...

CFD was applied to evaluate the performance of both existing and improved designs for refrigerant distributors. In general, it is better to utilize a spherical base as compared with other shapes and to locate the orifice close to distributor base. These changes tend to improve the robustness of the distributor in terms of providing even flow and phase distribution in different outlet branches w...