The structural evolution of rice husk char particles during steam gasification was studied by ultimate analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscope, N(2) physisorption method and X-ray diffraction. Drastic changes in char structure occurred even when the char conversion was minimal. The C, H and O content decreased by more than 85%, 67% and 9...

  Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is known as one of the most important endemic viral pathogen for various avian species such as ostrich, in Iran. Therefore, establishing a routine vaccination program against ND in ostrich flocks would be useful in order to reduce the danger of this infection. Newcastle disease occurs among the ostriches and leads to high rate of mortality while most of the losse...

in order to perform a histomorphometric study of blood cells in male adult ostrich, blood samples were obtained from jugular vein of 10 clinically healthy male adult ostriches (2 - 3 years old). the slides were stained with the giemsa methods and the smears were evaluated for cellular morphology, with cellular size being determined by micrometry. the findings of this study revealed that the sha...

Since the appearing probability of each English symbol P (a), ...P (b), ...P (” ”), ..., P (; ) is not uniform, we should be able to reduce the number of required bits. Based on the probability of each English symbol, we can compute the entropy H(E) ∼= 4.5 bits / char. If we use Huffman coding taught in this lecture to encode English keyboard, then we only need around 4.7 bits / char. Furthermo...

The trophic ecology (diet and headmorphology) andmigration patterns of two closely related salmonid fishes, Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus (L., 1758)) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma (Walbaum, 1792)), were examined in tributaries of Lake Aleknagik, southwestern Alaska, to test for differentiation between species. Schoener’s index of proportional overlap andmultivariate analyses of diets sug...

It has been observed that certain char particles shrink when oxidized under kinetically limited conditions, instead of reacting at constant diameter, as expected. This study was perfonned to determine whether or not char from PSOC 1451 coal, prepared at different temperatures would also shrink during low temperature gasification. Coal chars, formed at l 200K and 1600K, were levitated in the ele...

Carbonization is a kind of pyrolysis process to produce char from organic materials under an inert atmosphere. In this work, chars derived from various solid wastes were characterized from the standpoint of fuel recovery and pretreatment of waste before landfilling. Sixteen kinds of municipal and industrial solid wastes such as residential combustible wastes, non-combustible wastes, bulky waste...

The successful migration of euryhaline teleost fish from freshwater to seawater requires the upregulation of gill Na+-K+-ATPase, an ion transport enzyme located in the basolateral membrane (BLM) of gill chloride cells. Following 39 days of seawater exposure, Arctic char had similar plasma sodium and chloride levels as individuals maintained in freshwater, indicating they had successfully acclim...