The study aims at identifying and describing the phenomena of out-migration (merantau) conducted by Minangkabaunese in Hamka’s novels Tenggelamnya Kapal van der Wijck Merantau ke Deli as a reflection reality. Etymologically, word merantau does not simply mean migration; it is concept with cultural values norms having no equivalent meaning another language. research holistically done means descr...

Despite China's substantial internal migration, longstanding rural-urban bifurcation has prompted many migrants to leave their children behind in rural areas. This study examines the consequences of out-migration for children's education using longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (N = 885). This study takes into account the complex family migration strategies and disting...

INTRODUCTION Thus far, the reasons for increasing HIV prevalence in northern and eastern Indian states are unknown. We investigated the role of male out-migration in the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection through a case-control study in rural India. METHODS Currently married men and women were recruited from HIV testing and treatment centers across seven selected districts...