The same study designs are used to document the magnitude of the influence of currently used and of previously used treatments on health outcomes. However, because randomized trials rarely are utilized to study cessation of treatment, most of what we know about the experience of former users of a given treatment comes from cohort and case-control studies. These studies generally compare former ...

Given the complexity surrounding various interactions among health determinants and the challenge of being able to adequately describe the dynamic processes through which health determinants have their effects, the purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual overview demonstrating the effects of socioeconomic status and cumulative disadvantage on producing health disparities across the lif...

The present study examined the relationship between the hardiness components of commitment, control, and challenge, and the experience of physical and psychological symptoms in a sample of 150 (75 male, 75 female) adolescents. A measure of psychosocial stress was included to permit an examination of whether the hardiness components interact with stress in predicting health outcomes. Analyses re...

introduction: esthetic surgeries are among the commonest medical procedures in the world nowadays; and as statistics declare, there has been a rapid increase in the rate of rhinoplasty during the recent years. hence, as the number of cosmetic surgeries rises, the increment in the number of physicians being sued is quite inevitable; either due to complication in rhinoplasties or even inability t...

background: health literacy includes the ability to understand instructions come from health workers and units, cognitive and social skills and the competence to use such information and services in ways, which are health-enhancing. antenatal care is an important key for a healthy maternity. maternal health literacy and particular cognitive and social skills required for healthy maternity inclu...

pierre-gerlier forest has put forward the case that we are on the brink of a revolution in health policy that will be the result of the interplay of five factors. i would not challenge any of them but would emphasize the need to address socio-economic health inequalities, which have the potential to become a major cost driver in a time of growing economic inequality. to dr. forest’s list, i wou...

vascular complications by compromising the blood flow to the allograft can have significant and sometimes life-threating consequences for the patient. high level of suspicion and aggressive utilization of diagnostic modalities can lead to early diagnosis and salvage of the allograft.  this review will summarize the current trends in the management of vascular complications after liver transplan...

the east mediterranean region suffers from high levels of air pollution which has a negative impact on pregnancy outcomes. this work systematically reviews the epidemiological evidence on maternal exposure to air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the region. relevant papers and reports published between 2000 and 2014 were searched. combinations of search terms including countries, exp...

background: the most common congenital abnormality of esophagus is esophageal atresia (ea) that can occur with or without tracheoesophageal fistula. other associated anomalies are the leading cause of death in these patients. the present study aimed to evaluate the main complication, outcomes and cause of death in neonate with ea repaired in amirkola children’s hospital (ach), iran within a 13 ...

background multiple classifications can be used to define the magnitude of aortic injury. the vancouver classification (vc) is a new and simplified computed tomography-based blunt aortic injury (bai) grading system correlating with clinical outcomes. objectives the objectives of this study are: 1) to describe the severity of aortic injury in a center with a predominantly surgical approach to ba...