1 This paper has been written for a course organized in Helsinki University of Technology at fall 2007: Seminar on Distributed Systems Peer-to-Peer Systems with Mobile Applications. Abstract – A credit system provides an incentive mechanism, which addresses peer-to-peer networks’ free riding problem. In the credit system, users earn credits from their contribution to peer-to-peer network. These...

1 Background Credit cards have been widely used in the USA. The industry has matured so much that most households hold many credit cards and most consumers use credit cards as means of payment. They usually maintain their records on credit cards. In the USA, a total amount of credit card balances is about $700 billion. Because of the wide usage of credit cards, the term of cards is becoming a m...

Credit is a widely used tool to finance personal and corporate projects. The risk of default has motivated lenders to use a credit scoring system, which helps them make more efficient decisions about whom to extend credit. Credit scores serve as a financial user model, and have been traditionally computed from the user’s past financial history. As a result, people without any prior financial hi...

www.philadelphiafed.org R eports in the popular press and policymakers’ concerns about student loans have greatly intensified in recent years because of rising student loan balances and defaults. Even greater cause for concern arose as student loans outstanding passed credit card debt to become the single largest nonmortgage household debt in 2012. Worries about the risk of massive default have...

Credit based electronic payment systems are considered to play important roles in future automated payment systems Like most other types of payment systems however credit based systems proposed so far generally involve computationally expensive cryptographic operations Such relatively heavy computational load is preventing credit based systems from being used in applications that require very f...

Enterprise credit rating is an important issue in finance field. Small and Medium Enterprises are playing more and more important role in world economy development. Especially, China SMEs has gained rapid development in recent years. However, financing difficulty is a predominant and common problem for the SMEs in China. It needs joint effort to solve the SMEs financing embarrassment. One of th...

A classifier system is used to learn control and profit optimization of a batch chemical reaction. Ability to learn different market conditions and changes to reaction parameters is demonstrated. The profit sharing algorithm is used for apportionment of credit. The greater effectiveness of the use of the genetic algorithm over apportionment of credit alone or the random replacement of low stren...

Now a day the usage of credit cards has dramatically increased. As credit card becomes the most popular mode of payment for both online as well as regular purchase, cases of fraud associated with it are also rising. Various techniques like classification, clustering and apriori of web mining will be integrated to represent the sequence of operations in credit card transaction processing and sho...

Payments systems are typically characterized by some degree of tiering, with upstream firms (clearing agents) providing settlement accounts to downstream institutions that wish to clear and settle payments indirectly in these systems (indirect clearers). Clearing agents provide their indirect clearers with an essential input (clearing and settlement services), while also competing directly with...

When a company undertakes e-commerce transactions for the first time, most major web sites set the initial credit score of the company as zero, which making buyers and sellers can’t judge the partners’ credibility. In recent years, although commercial banks and some specialized credit rating agencies have established more comprehensive and scientific indicators for evaluating the credit of an e...