OBJECTIVES To quantify the reaction forces exerted under the hands, feet and buttocks when individuals with spinal cord injury performed sitting pivot transfers. DESIGN Twelve men with paraplegia completed 3 transfers between seats of the same height (0.5 m high) and 3 transfers to a high target seat (0.6 m high). RESULTS Greater mean and peak vertical reaction forces were always recorded u...

Soil is a granular medium that varies in composition from organic peat to gravel and that may contain various amounts of water. The soil physical system is continually being subjected to external forces and is, therefore, dynamic. These external forces may be environmental (climate, plants, animals, and microorganisms) or mechanical (forces applied by man using some type of machine). The specif...

BACKGROUND Significant losses in bone density and mineral, primarily in the lower extremities, have been reported following exposure to weightlessness. Recent investigations suggest that mechanical influences such as bone deformation and strain rate may be critically important in stimulating new bone formation. HYPOTHESIS It was hypothesized that velocity, cadence, and harness design would si...

We investigated the normal and parallel ground reaction forces during downhill and uphill running. Our rationale was that these force data would aid in the understanding of hill running injuries and energetics. Based on a simple spring-mass model, we hypothesized that the normal force peaks, both impact and active, would increase during downhill running and decrease during uphill running. We an...

We constructed a force treadmill to measure the vertical, horizontal and lateral components of the ground-reaction forces (Fz, Fy, Fx, respectively) and the ground-reaction force moments (Mz, My, Mx), respectively exerted by walking and running humans. The chassis of a custom-built, lightweight (90 kg), mechanically stiff treadmill was supported along its length by a large commercial force plat...

Since the 1990s, treadmills have been equipped with multi-axis force transducers to measure the three components of the ground reaction forces during walking and running. These measurements are correctly performed if the whole treadmill (including the motor) is mounted on the transducers. In this case, the acceleration of the treadmill centre of mass relative to the reference frame of the labor...

Measuring personality is a complex task. Besides difficult content-based problems there are some psychometric issues to be met, i. e. socially desirable answering tendencies. The present study uses simulation-based objective personality measurement to meet these psychometric issues. Computer-based “guard” and “stray” scenars are developed and tested in two samples of Special Forces applicants r...