The alternative, based on Cavalcanti-Wallace 1999, is one way to bridge the gap between two extreme models: an economy with no monitoring (and, therefore, no credit) and an economy with perfect monitoring (and, therefore, no role for money). Here, using an outside-money version of the model, optima for two examples, drawn from earlier work by Deviatov and Wallace, are described. Although the ex...

In many of the sensor network applications like natural habitat monitoring and international border monitoring, sensor networks are deployed in areas, where there is a high possibility of node capture and network level attacks. Specifically in such applications, the sensor nodes are severely limited in resources. We propose MUQAMI, a locally distributed key management scheme for resilience agai...

Nucleic acid amplification is a gold standard technique for analyzing a tiny amount of nucleotides in molecular biology, clinical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental testing. Electrical and electrochemical monitoring of the amplification process draws attention over conventional optical methods because of the amenability toward point-of-care applications as there is a growing demand for...

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effectiveness of using ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) with heart rate in the monitoring of exercise intensity during aerobic dance instruction. Thirty-eight students who enrolled in aerobic dance classes used heart rate to monitor exercise intensity while 38 additional students used RPE to monitor exercise intensity during a 14-week cour...

Cryptogenic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) account for approximately one-third of stroke patients [1]. Paroxys-mal atrial fibrillation (PAF) has been suggested as a major etiology of these cryptogenic strokes [2, 3]. PAF can be difficult to diagnose because it is intermittent, often brief, and asymptomatic. PAF might be more prevalent than persistent atrial fibrillation in stroke an...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Anesthesia outside the operating room is commonly uncomfortable and risky. In this setting, anesthetic emergencies or complications may occur. This review aims to report the most recent updates regarding the management of prehospital anesthesia, anesthesia in the trauma and emergency rooms, and anesthesia for endoscopy and interventional radiology. RECENT FINDINGS After trac...

We investigate the relationship of audit fees, outside directors and firms’ ownership, marketing and asset structures as alternative (external versus internal) monitoring mechanisms that can be used to control incentive conflicts in costly contracting environments, by exploiting variation in ownership within the Australian and UK life insurance industries. In mutuals, ownership rights are not t...

OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of school food and nutrition monitoring from 1980 to the Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 and data on school food availability in the USA. DESIGN A review of the history of school food and nutrition policy, monitoring and evaluation efforts in the USA over the past three decades. SETTING USA. SUBJECTS School food service, school districts and schools n...

Effects of formulation parameters on the fractional release profile of diclofenac sodium from matrices having the manufacturing formulation ingredients are studied. As a content of cetyl alcohol (rate controlling agent) in the matrix increases, the fractional release decreases. The fractional release increases either by increasing sucrose content outside the granule or by decreasing sucrose...

OBJECTIVE We previously showed that in patients with diabetes mellitus, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) monitoring outside international guidance on testing frequency is widespread. Here we examined the relationship between testing frequency and diabetes control to test the hypothesis that retest interval is linked to change in HbA1c level. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined repeat HbA1c tes...