This research identifies returns to scale (RTS) of efficient decision making units (DMUs) with desirable (good) and undesirable (bad) inputs and outputs by presenting a new DEA (data envelopment analysis) approach. In this study, we first introduce a new input-output oriented model to determine efficient DMUs in the presence of undesirable factors and then, returns to scale of these DMUs are es...

Nowadays, the assessment of environmental performance has received considerable attention by environmental strategy advocators and decision makers. In recent years, increased emission of CO2 into the air, water pollution, and global warming are universal problems all over the world. Therefore, development of firms with less CO2 emission is an important issue of attention in every area of produc...

awardness about structure of production technology and its characteristics is a usefull tool for planning in agricultural sector. in this regard, this study aims to determine some effective parameters of structure of production technology in rain fed barley production. before estimating these parameters, we examine the aggregation consistency condition for barley fields using the mean scaling t...

This article contributes to the efficiency literature by defining, in the context of the data envelopment analysis framework, the directional distance function approach for measuring both technical and scale inefficiencies with regard to the use of individual inputs. The input-specific technical and scale inefficiencies are then aggregated in order to calculate the overall inefficiency measures...