BACKGROUND The current study was undertaken to examine total hospital costs per patient of a consecutive implantation series of two 3rd generation Left Ventricle Assist Devices (LVAD). Further we analyzed if increased clinical experience would reduce total hospital costs and the gap between costs and the diagnosis related grouped (DRG)-reimbursement. METHOD Cost data of 20 LVAD implantations ...

8.17 Some Mechanical Principles Introduction Electric power can be transmitted or dis tributed either by means of underground cables or by overhead lines. The underground* cables are rarely used for power transmission due to two main reasons. Firstly, power is generally transmitted over long distances to load centres. Obviously, the installation costs for underground transmission will be very h...

introduction: our aim was to compare the cost effectiveness of holmium laser prostate enucleation (holep) versus trans-urethral resection of prostate. methods:  we searched all available databases for any controlled trials comparing holep and turp from january 2000 to february 2009. two independent reviewers studied and appraised the selected evidences. then, effectiveness and cost effectivenes...

This paper describes performance measurements of an implementation of independent checkpointing in a network of workstations. Independent checkpointing is a simple technique for providing fault tolerance in distributed system, Because processes do not coordinate during checkpointing, this technique has a low run-time overhead. To avoid the classical domino effect, our implementation relies on a...

We describe a hardware scheme to authenticate all or a part of untrusted external memory using trusted on chip storage Our scheme uses Merkle trees and caches to e ciently authenticate memory Proper placement of Merkle tree checking and generation is critical to ensure good performance Na ve schemes where the Merkle tree machinery is placed between caches can result in a large increase in memor...

We describe the least-cost aw repair (LCFR) strategy for performing aw selection during partial-order causal link (POCL) planning. LCFR can be seen as a generalization of Peot and Smith's \Delay Unforced Threats" (DUnf) strategy (Peot & Smith 1993); where DUnf treats threats di erently from open conditions, LCFR has a uniform mechanism for handling all aws. We provide experimental results that ...

This paper is to show clearly the real image of German cost accounting at the beginning of the 20 century. A.Messerschmitt and E.Schmalenbach played important roll in the establishment of German cost accounting. Messerschmitt worked as an engineer and a factory manager (entrepreneur). Messerschmitt expressed almost all cost elements as the percentage of labor costs in order to estimate unit pro...

drugs. In 2011, that CMS “Robin Hood” move resulted in an additional $200 million being tossed into the separately payable-drug reimbursement pool. As a result, the average reimbursement went from a rate of ASP minus 1% (which is what the CMS formula would have dictated) to the ASP plus 5%. That is 1% higher than the 2010 amount. Although hospitals are appreciative of the increase, they point o...

Disaster recovery and business continuity plans are essential to make sure businesses keep on going. However, many small and medium businesses feel that these plans can cost them a lot. Moreover, the issues of cost and operation overhead prevent them from having solid disaster recovery plans. However, with the spread of cloud computing and pay-as-you-go and pay-for-what-you-use models, issues o...

One of the limitations of wireless sensor nodes is their inherent limited energy resource. Besides maximizing the lifetime of the sensor node, it is preferable to distribute the energy dissipated throughout the wireless sensor network in order to minimize maintenance and maximize overall system performance. Any communication protocol that involves synchronization of peer nodes incurs some overh...