In a cyclist, competing at national and international level, submaximal lactate concentrations were initially interpreted as improved endurance capacity. However, 2 weeks later, a test in which maximal lactate was measured showed that maximal lactate was decreased as well. Together with the complaints of deteriorating performance and subjective complaints of irritability and sleep disturbances,...

The appropriate genetic potential of an athlete or prospective determines the development their future performance and achievement reduces risk pathological conditions such as overtraining. This study aimed to determine genotype variation thought play a role in differences exercise results explosive power performance, namely ACE gene. research method used cross-sectional design describe relatio...

Fiercer competition between athletes and a wider knowledge of optimal training regimens dramatically influence current training methods. A single training bout per day was previously considered sufficient, whereas today athletes regularly train twice a day or more. Consequently, the number of athletes who are overtraining and have insufficient rest is increasing. Positive overtraining can be re...

HIV/AIDS poses serious risks to the health of millions around the globe. Despite decades of research, no cure or vaccine has been found to prevent this disease and the resultant morbidity and mortality. New antiretroviral drug regimens, such as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), offer benefits at the cost of debilitating side effects. Other therapies, such as steroid and growth hormo...

The authors have recently demonstrated that rats with basolateral amygdala (BLA) lesions acquire Pavlovian fear conditioning after overtraining. However, it is not known whether the associative basis of Pavlovian fear memory acquired by rats with BLA lesions is similar to that of intact rats. Associations are typically formed between the conditional (CS) and unconditional (US) stimuli (stimulus...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), a synthetic glycolipid agonist of natural killer T (NKT) cells, can ameliorate exercise-induced immune imbalance. METHODS Eight-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained with a progressively increasing load for 9 weeks. At 36 h and at 7 d after training, groups of rats were euthanized. T...

This paper presents a novel approach to the analysis of the overtraining phenomenon in pattern classiiers. A nonlinearity measure N is introduced which relates the shape of the classiication function to the generalization capability of a classiier. Experiments using the k-nearest neighbour rule, a neural classiier and the quadratic classiier show that the introduced measure N can be used to stu...

Effects of intensive exercise on hypothalamus-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis remain controversial. Our aim was to determine the effects of intensive, long-term treadmill running on reproductive hormones, HPT axis, and semen quality. A total of 286 subjects were randomly assigned to moderate-intensity exercise (approximately 60% maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)); group 1, n=143) and high-intensity e...