Many diseases associated with ageing have an underlying oxidative stress and accompanying inflammatory component, for example, Alzheimer's disease or atherosclerosis. Reviewed in this manuscript are: the role of oxidative stress in activating the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB), the role of NFkappaB in activating proinflammatory gene transcription, strong oxidants produce...

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenetic disorder caused by single amino acid change in the beta globin gene. This mutation facilitates the production of unstable sickle hemoglobin (Hb S) which upon deoxygenation forms higher order aggregates which cause erythrocyte rigidity. These rigid cells block the microvasculature resulting in vaso-occlusion, tissue ischemia, organ damage, pain and deat...

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of COPD. Both reactive oxidant species from inhaled cigarette smoke and those endogenously formed by inflammatory cells constitute an increased intrapulmonary oxidant burden. Structural changes to essential components of the lung are caused by oxidative stress, contributing to irreversible damage of both parenchyma and air...

Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) injury and repair are important in the pathogenesis of oxidant-induced lung damage. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) prevents lung damage and mortality in animals exposed to various forms of oxidant stress, but the protective mechanisms are not yet established. Because DNA strand break (DNA-SB) formation is one of the earliest cellular changes that occurs after ce...

The bicistronic microRNA (miRNA) locus miR-144/451 is highly expressed during erythrocyte development, although its physiological roles are poorly understood. We show that miR-144/451 ablation in mice causes mild erythrocyte instability and increased susceptibility to damage after exposure to oxidant drugs. This phenotype is deeply conserved, as miR-451 depletion synergizes with oxidant stress ...

We have previously demonstrated that chronic alcohol exposure decreases glutathione in the alveolar space. Although alcohol use is associated with decreased alveolar macrophage function, the mechanism by which alcohol impairs macrophage phagocytosis is unknown. In the current study, we examined the possibility that ethanol-induced alveolar macrophage dysfunction was secondary to decreased gluta...

We have studied the effect of oxidant stress on human lymphocyte cytotoxicity. Lymphocyte cultures maintained good viability after incubation with xanthine and xanthine oxidase. an enzyme system known to generate several highly reactive oxygen compounds. We demonstrated that these lymphocytes were viable after exposure to an in vitro oxidant stress but had a significant impairment in both antib...

Research in the last decades has widely investigated the anti-oxidant properties of natural products as a therapeutic approach for the prevention and the treatment of oxidative-stress related disorders. In this context, several studies were aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of phytocannabinoids, the bioactive compounds of Cannabis sativa. Here, we examined the anti-oxidant ability of ...

Oxidative stress is considered one of the main ecological and evolutionary forces. Several environmental stressors vary geographically and thus organisms inhabiting different sites face different oxidant environments. Nevertheless, there is scarce information about how oxidative damage and antioxidant defences vary geographically in animals. Here we study how oxidative stress varies from lowlan...

OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung inflammatory diseases. This article aimed to evaluate the oxidant/antioxidant status of children with acute bronchiolitis through the measurement of plasma total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index. METHODS Children with acute bronchiolitis admitted to the p...