BACKGROUND Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is synthesised from L-arginine by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) encoded by the NOS 3 gene on chromosome 7. Because reduced NO synthesis has been implicated in the development of coronary atherosclerosis, which has a heritable component, we hypothesised that polymorphisms of NOS 3 might be associated with increased susceptibility to thi...

In time series analysis, it has been considered of key importance to determine whether a complex time series measured from the system is regular, deterministically chaotic, or random. Recently, Gottwald and Melbourne have proposed an interesting test for chaos in deterministic systems. Their analyses suggest that the test may be universally applicable to any deterministic dynamical system. In o...

Theoretical and experimental investigations of chaos synchronization and its application to chaotic data transmissions in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback are presented. Two schemes of chaos synchronization—complete and generalized synchronization—are discussed in the delay differential systems. The conditions for chaos synchronization in the systems and the robustness for the paramet...

We consider a number of possible roles of complex dynamics and chaos in information processing by neural networks. First, we review the working principles of some well-known neural networks, and then discuss a number of approaches to utilization of chaos in neural networks. Our main goal is to present a novel view of the problem of chaos in information processing. We demonstrate that chaos emer...

Let X be a compact metric space, let φ be a continuous self-map on X , and let F(X) denote the space of fuzzy sets on X equipped with the levelwise topology. In this paper we study relations between various dynamical properties of a given (crisp) dynamical system (X,φ) and its Zadeh’s extension Φ on F(X). Among other things we study various (weak, strong, mild etc.) mixing properties and also s...

Lasers are essentially chaotic system. However, semiconductor lasers are classified into stable class B lasers. Meanwhile, they are easily destabilized by external perturbations (introduction of extra degree of freedom). We discuss chaos in lasers and also instability and chaos in semiconductor lasers. Recently, new semiconductor lasers with extra device structures have been developed and they ...

Precisely describing the formation and evolution rules of coal-rock fracturing crack have great value on reservoir fracturing improvement and highly efficient mining of coal bed methane well. In this paper, a non-linear dynamic method is used to study crack damage evolution behavior of coal-rock fracturing. Considering distribution characteristics of natural cracks in coal-rock, and based on da...

This paper aims at a historical and pedagogical presentation of some important contributions of the research on thermonuclear fusion by magnetic confinement to the study of Hamiltonian chaos. This chaos is defined with the help of Poincaré maps on a simple two-wave Hamiltonian system. A simple criterion for computing the transition to large scale chaos is introduced. A renormalization group app...

The theory of chaos and shadowing developed recently by the author is amplified to the case of a heteroclinically tubular cycle. Specifically, let F be a C3 diffeomorphism on a Banach space. F has a heteroclinically tubular cycle that connects two normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds. Around the heteroclinically tubular cycle, a Bernoulli shift dynamics of submanifolds is established through...