Tasmania is the world’s largest producer of opium alkaloids for the pharmaceutical market. The area sown to poppies is close to 20,000 ha, and the industry is one of the larger employers in the State. The application of science and technology has been critical to the development of the poppy industry. High yielding varieties and efficient production methods allow the Tasmanian industry to compe...

Over the course of human history, it has been common to use plants for medicinal purposes, such as for providing relief from particular maladies and self-medication. Opium represents one longstanding remedy that has been used to address a range of medical conditions, alleviating discomfort often in ways that have proven pleasurable. Opium is a combination of compounds obtained from the mature f...

Meconopsis Viguier (Papaveraceae) is an iconic genus of alpine forbs that includes medicinal and ornamental species. This study extends previous phylogenetic analyses of Meconopsis, using ITS sequences representing all the major Meconopsis clades. Phenotypic traits are also analysed for all described species. Our results show that Meconopsis evolved as a ≥ octaploid clade, with considerable int...

The Papaver L. plant (Papaver decaisnei) has ethnobotanical records in many countries including Iraqi Kurdistan. current study investigates the methanol (99.9%) extracts (10 μg/mL) of roots, leaves, and flowers decaisnei terms phytochemistry by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry GC-MS, vitro antioxidant activity radical scavenging reducing power assays, finally, anticancer actions as IC5...

Opiates such as morphine and codeine are mainly obtained by extraction from opium poppies. Fermentative opiate production in microbes has also been investigated, and complete biosynthesis of opiates from a simple carbon source has recently been accomplished in yeast. Here we demonstrate that Escherichia coli serves as an efficient, robust and flexible platform for total opiate synthesis. Thebai...

relative to a hereditary torsion theory $tau$ we introduce a dimension for a module $m$, called {em $tau$-rank of} $m$, which coincides with the reduced rank of $m$ whenever $tau$ is the goldie torsion theory. it is shown that the $tau$-rank of $m$ is measured by the length of certain decompositions of the $tau$-injective hull of $m$. moreover, some relations between the $tau$-rank of $m$ and c...

Argemone mexicana Linn. (Linnaeus, 1753; Tournefort, 1694), is a herb of the Papaveraceae (poppy family) indigenous to the West Indies (Fig. 1). The study of this herb and its active principles is important, first to circumvent the serious epidemics of dropsy and glaucoma resulting from the unintentional ingestion of its seed oil in tropical countries; secondly to find a method of producing in ...

In this study, amount of morphine from poppy capsules (Papaver somniferum) was investigated using ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE). Response surface methodology was used to estimate effective experimental conditions on the content extraction of poppy capsules. For this purpose, solvent/solid ratio (10-20 mL/500 mg sample), pH (1-13), time (30-60 min), and temperature (30-50°C) were chosen a...

Weasels may be cunning, we might admire the intelligence of dogs and cats, but we can be forgiven for expecting the jumping spider, a diminutive predator with a brain not much bigger than a poppy seed, to be one of Descartes’ automatons. Yet, jumping spiders, also known as salticids, alternate between entertaining and alarming us by planning prey-capture tactics ahead of time, adjusting their h...