In this paper technology policy of India which has evolved over the years have been introduced as following: Firstly, it is selective and seeks to protect local technology. Secondly, it seeks to reduce to direct costs and individual costs of technology imports by regulating the royalty rates, other payments, the duration and restrictive clauses. Thirdly, it discourages technology imports throug...

debt: major default risks for dc banks, shortage of cash for the lowest-income developing countries (LICs), and uncertainty and high cost of credit for middleincome developing countries (MICs), all require attention; recycling: if OPEC surpluses are not placed in Ides to permit extra imports from des (tn-cycling) Ides will cut their purchases of such imports, and will be driven towards costly b...

We used a gravity model to investigate determinants of China’s pulp and paper products trade from 1995 to 2005. The results show that an importing country’s economy size, forest endowment, distance to China, exchange rate, and membership in Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), plus China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its forest products policy change implemented in ...

generally, developing countries are not able to invest enough on r&d; therefore, they try to get benefit from knowledge spillover, as an external r&d.; this paper tries to investigate the impact of r&d; expenditures and imported intermediate goods, as a proxy for technology imports, on value added of iranian industries. to that end, we use a panel data set of iranian two-digit isic manufacturin...