examination of faecal samples of 6,430 school children aged between 2 and 20 years, for gastrointestinal parasites using sedimentation and kato smear techniques was carried out in benin city, nigeria between january 1997 and december 1998. four thousand two hundred and thirty six (65.8%) were infected. three species of protozoa and 8 species of helminths were recorded as follows: entamoeba hist...

background: knowledge about the amphistomid fauna in iranian domestic ruminants depends on the studies conducted almost 30 years ago. the last situation in cattle is introduced here in the provinces in south coast of caspian sea. methods: amphistomid species were collected from cattle at slaughter houses of the provinces gilan and mazanderan in 2010. median sagittal sections were prepared by th...

background: helicobacter pylori is a common cause of chronic infection in human beings. the infection has universal prevalence and contracts all age groups. probably, these bacteria are the cause of the most common chronic bacterial infection in man and have infected approximately half of the world population. the urease of these bacteria degrades the urea in stomach’s mucosa to ammoniac which ...

A key component is missing from the Eighth Amendment’s Excessive Fines Clause doctrine: who has burden of proof? This question—which been essentially ignored by both federal and state courts—is not just a second-order problem. Rather, assignment burdens proof essential to Clause’s enforcement, making it harder—or easier—for government abuse revenue-generating capacity economic sanctions in ways...

The present study investigated whether invertebrate body burdens can be used to predict metal-induced effects on aquatic invertebrate communities. Total dissolved metal levels and four invertebrate taxa (Leuctra sp., Simuliidae, Rhithrogena sp. and Perlodidae) were sampled in 36 headwater streams located in the north-west part of England. Using the River Invertebrate Prediction and Classificati...