I develop a framework for interpreting the forces that act on any population described by frequencies. The conservation of total frequency, or total probability, shapes the characteristics of force. I begin with Fisher’s fundamental theorem of natural selection. That theorem partitions the total evolutionary change of a population into two components. The first component is the partial change c...

With the proliferation of mobile devices and multimedia, videos have become an indispensable part of life-logs for personal experiences. In this paper, we present a real-time and interactive mobile application for home video summarization on mobile devices. The main challenge of this method is lack of information about the video content in the following frames, which we term “partial-context” i...

If a vertical line is surrounded by a tilted frame, it is typically perceived as being tilted in the opposite direction. This rod-and-frame illusion is thought to be driven by two distinct mechanisms. Large frames cause a distortion of the egocentric reference frame, with perceived vertical biased in the direction of the frame’s tilt (i.e., a visuovestibular effect). Small frames are thought to...

In this paper, firstly, in $E_1^3$, we defined normal Fermi-Walker derivative and applied for the adapted frame. Normal Fermi-Walker parallelism, normal non-rotating frame, and Darboux vector expressions of normal Fermi-Walker derivative by normal Fermi-Walker derivative are given for adapted frame. Being conditions of normal Fermi-Walker derivative and normal non-rotating frame are examined fo...

We describe Back-Propagation neural networks (BP model) ['I implemented into a visual verification system of numbers stamped on the surface of chip resistors. A 3-digit number is stamped whitely on the rectangular black area, that is on the su@ace of each chip resistor, bordered by a white frame. The number and a fragment of the frame are imaged from a CCD camera. Firstly, the number is circums...

A geometric lattice is a frame if its matroid, possibly after enlargement, has a basis such that every atom lies under a join of at most two basis elements. Examples include all subsets of a classical root system. Using the fact that nitary frame matroids are the bias matroids of biased graphs, we characterize modular coatoms in frames of nite rank and we describe explicitly the frames that are...