In January 2011, measles was diagnosed in three New Zealand residents recently returned from a 17-day trip to Singapore and the Philippines. On January 11, they had flown on a 7.5-hour flight from Singapore to Brisbane, Australia, remained in a transit lounge for 9.5 hours, and then continued on a 4-hour flight to Auckland, New Zealand. Searches in Australia and New Zealand for secondary cases ...

Smart card systems have been spreading globally not only for purchasing general goods and services, but also for fare payment of public transport. When an individual traveller is holding a public transport smart card, the precise times of his/her passing through ticket gates are recorded in the smart card system. The longitudinal smart card data of a large number of passengers have been stored ...

The purpose of this study was to clarify the psychological factors of bus drivers' instability that were related to bus passengers' accidents according to the hypothesis model based on the stress concept of Lazarus and Folkman (1984). This research was carried out in 2006. Participants of the study were 39 Japanese male bus drivers. Their average age was 40.2 (SD: 11.1). The average duration of...

Genomic instability causes cancers to acquire hundreds to thousands of mutations and chromosomal alterations during their somatic evolution. Most of these mutations and alterations are termed passengers because they do not confer cancer phenotypes. Evolutionary simulations and cancer geno...

Most new mutations are deleterious and are eventually eliminated by natural selection. But in an adapting population, the rapid amplification of beneficial mutations can hinder the removal of deleterious variants in nearby regions of the genome, altering the patterns of sequence evolution. Here, we analyze the interactions between beneficial "driver" mutations and linked deleterious "passengers...

We studied the effect of age, gender, use of restraint systems and seat position on the risk of death for rear-seated passengers of cars involved in road crashes. The data source was the Spanish register of traffic crashes with victims compiled by the Government's General Traffic Directorate. Data for crashes recorded from 1993 to 2002, inclusive, were studied. We used a matched cohort design t...

BACKGROUND Air travel is associated with the spread of influenza through infected passengers and potentially through in-flight transmission. Contact tracing after exposure to influenza is not performed systematically. We performed a systematic literature review to evaluate the evidence for influenza transmission aboard aircraft. METHODS Using PubMed and EMBASE databases, we identified and cri...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to explore relationship between older drivers and their passengers (co-pilots) and potential implications of in-vehicle navigation technology on their driving safety. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 44 healthy, community-dwelling older adults (aged 60-83) or 22 married couples. Males identified themselves as drivers and females...

Researcher: Xiaoqing Deng Title: AN AIRCRAFT EVACUATION SIMULATION BASELINE USING DES FOR PASSENGER PATH PLANNING Institution: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Degree: Master of Science in Aeronautics Year: 2016 This paper introduced a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) model that simulates passengers’ evacuation paths and decision-making processes during aircraft certification. The model was ...

There has been a great increase in civil aviation in the post-war years. In 1966, more than a million passengers a month passed through London Airport. Flying has become so safe and convenient that many disabled people elect to travel by this means. In fact, as many as 5 per cent of passengers on routine scheduled services are suffering from some form of disability, though less than 1 per cent ...