Artificial intelligence algorithms using passive and active learning versions of direct utility estimation, adaptive dynamic programming and temporal difference approaches to simulate an agent. The explored worlds consisted of discrete states (positions) bounded by internally generated “walls” that included one or more terminal states and a pre determined configuration of rewards for each state...

An experimental study on the mixing of two plane, unventilated, parallel jets reveals an instability characterized by sinuous ‘‘flapping’’ of the jets and enhanced mixing of the jets with the ambient fluid. The frequency and amplitude of the instability is shown to be a function of the jets’ spacing and momentum flux ratios, with the maximum mixing occurring for cases with matched momentum flux...

Introduction: Lead (Pb) is a neurotoxin that its different effects on the central nervous system are well-known. Previous studies have reported the potent effects of vitamin C on memory.The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of vitamin C against leadinduced amnesia. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: the control (saline), negative contr...

Diabetes mellitus is accompanied with disturbances in learning, memory, and cognitive skills in the human society and experimental animals. Therefore, this research study was conducted to evaluate time-dependent changes in passive avoidance and Y-maze performance in male diabetic rats. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and diabetic groups. For induction of di...

L m 2-stable digital-control networks for multiple continuous passive plants. A constructive method is presented in which L m 2-stability can be guaranteed for networked control of multiple passive plants in spite random time varying delays and data dropouts. The passive plants are interfaced to a wave variable based passive sampler (PS) and passive hold (PH) which allows a passive digital cont...

A passive jet flow control method was employed to suppress the unsteady vortex shedding from a circular cylinder at the Reynolds number level of Re= (0.18~1.1)×10. The passive jet flow control was achieved by blowing jets from the holes near the rear stagnation point of the cylinder, which are connected to the in-take holes located near the front stagnation point through channels embedded insid...