IL-32 and TNF? are important cytokines in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. IL-32 has not been previously studied with respect to MS. Here, we report IL-32 and TNF? transcript levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients and control individuals by real time PCR. A significant difference in IL-32 and TNF? mRNA levels of patients as compared to controls was not observed. Howeve...

abstract: introduction: abiding with ethical discipline in nursing leads to improving nursing services and promoting the patient’s health. due to the fact that patients are the most critical elements in health care organizations, this study was carried out with the aim of determine compliance with professional ethics and its relationship with associated demographic factors from the vantage poin...

introdouction: the incidence and etiology of maxillofacial fractures are influenced by social, cultural, and environmental factors. understanding the cause, severity, and temporal distribution of maxillofacial trauma provides an insight into the behavioral patterns of people from different countries and can also assist in establishing clinical and research priorities for effective treatment and...

occult hbv infection of hemodialysis (hd) patients is informative in terms of virus transmission. it may be of clinical importance in hd patients. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anti-hbc in the hd patients. number of 126 patients undergoing hemodialysis were included in this study from main hemodialysis units in yazd. hepatitis b surface antigens (hbsag), hepatitis b...

the patients’ rights status is one of the essential elements in defining norms related to the concept of clinical governance system. in addition, the patients’ rights status is an important index for quality of care offered in the health care system. however, the lack of a coherent instrument makes it difficult to evaluate patients’ rights status in hospitals and clinics. the aim of this study ...

diabetes is a common metabolic disease in the world that has many adverse effects. olibanum gum resin (from trees of the genus boswellia) has traditionally been used in the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes. the aim of this study was the comparison of olibanum gum resin effect with placebo on the treatment of type 2 diabetes. inclusion criteria was diabetic patients with fasting bl...

conclusions to empower the staff of self-care support system, an appropriate training design is needed beside a good self-care support program. self-care team members must teach specific information or skills to patients and their families. these members must possess special knowledge and skills. also, the evaluation of self-care support program is one of the main components of the national sys...

background : triple-negative breast cancers (tnbc) are defined as breast cancers with lack of estrogen and progesterone receptors and no overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2). this study was performed to determine the frequency and pathologic features of tnbc in iranian patients. subjects and methods: this cross-sectional study was performed on patients with breast c...

identification of risk factors of acute hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in egypt is crucial for developing appropriate prevention strategies. there are few community-based studies on the epidemiology and risk factors of hepatitis c infection in egypt, which could not provide enough information. clear identification of past and current risk factors for infection is of utmost importance so that...

background: today, liver transplantation is a routine procedure in the treatment of patients with end stage liver disease and its survival rate is high. in order to promote health, nurses and other health care professionals need to discover the meanings of lived experiences after liver transplantation. it is important for nurses to know what patients really experience; appropriate nursing inter...