background: role of atherosclerosis  in the pathogenesis of ischemic and hemorrhagic  infarctions is still matter  of debate. intima-media thickness (imt) of the common carotid  artery (cca) and  internal  carotid  artery (ica) are markers of atherosclerosis. the aim of this study was to compare  cca imt and ica imt of patients  with ischemic and hemorrhagic infarction. methods: two equal group...

sulfur mustard (sm) gas was used in the iran-iraq war (1981 - 1989) as a vesicant chemical warfare against the iranian warriors. this alkylating agent with the potential of producing chemical injury in the skin, eyes, and lung, may damage both upper and lower respiratory tract, which in turn can cause different types of sequels such as asthma, bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis and lung fibrosi...

With the NHS facing big challenges, how can its leaders ensure that changes are those that matter most to patients? How can they ensure that everybody pulls in the same direction? Three overseas recruits to chief executive posts tell The BMJ what the NHS needs most (doi:10.1136/bmj.j1036). There is no shortage of innovative ideas, but implementing them on the wards is hard, especially when an i...

D iabetes is thoroughly evidenced to increase the risk of development of heart failure even in the absence of frequently coexisting comorbidities such as coronary artery disease and hypertension. Cardiac adverse effects influenced by diabetes have been demonstrated thus far for the left ventricle, particularly systolic and diastolic dysfunction identified at rest (1–9) and/or during exercise (1...

Background and Aim: Haller cells are one of the anatomical variations in the orbital area, which are important in endoscopic surgical procedures and have a role in the pathogenesis of some diseases including sinusitis and chronic craniofacial pain. The frequency of Haller cells has been reported in a wide range, which can be attributed to several factors. The purpose of this study was to determ...

I find that most patient terminations fall into one of four buckets: • Patients who are verbally abusive or threatening to providers or staff; • Patients who are noncompliant with their care — missing appointments and/or recommended testing; • Patients who "doctor shop" and often are most interested in obtaining medications; and • Patients who do not pay for the care you provide. Regardless of ...