Abstract Background Malaria eradication requires a combined effort involving all available control tools, and these efforts would be complemented by an effective vaccine. The antigen targets of immune responses may show polymorphisms that can undermine their recognition effectors hence render vaccines based on antigens from single parasite variant ineffective against other variants. This study ...

Biodegradable poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating triplex-forming peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) and donor DNAs for recombination-mediated editing of the CCR5 gene were synthesized for delivery into human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). NPs containing the CCR5-targeting molecules efficiently entered PBMCs with low cytotoxicity. Deep sequencing revea...

BACKGROUND Damage of the blood-brain barrier and invasion of immunocompetent cells into the central nervous system represent key events in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Mitoxantrone hydrochloride reduces progression of disability and clinical exacerbations in patients with multiple sclerosis. Its precise mode of action is unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of mitoxa...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS ADP-ribosyl-cyclase activity (ADPRCA) of CD38 and other ectoenzymes mainly generate cyclic adenosine 5'diphosphate-(ADP-) ribose (cADPR) as a second messenger in various mammalian cells, including pancreatic beta cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Since PBMCs contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, ADPRCA of PBMCs could serve as a clinical prog...

BACKGROUND Pregnancy increases susceptibility to influenza. The placenta releases an immunosuppressive endogenous retroviral protein syncytin-1. We hypothesised that exposure of peripheral monocytes (PBMCs) to syncytin-1 would impair responses to H1N1pdm09 influenza. METHODS AND FINDINGS Recombinant syncytin-1 was produced. PBMCs from non-pregnant women (n=10) were exposed to H1N1pdm09 in the...

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a pentameric protein that is present in the bloodstream during inflammatory events, e.g., liver failure, leukemia, and/or bacterial infection. The level of CRP indicates the progress and prognosis of certain diseases; it is therefore necessary to measure CRP levels in the blood accurately. The normal concentration of CRP is reported to be 1-3 mg/L. Inflammatory event...

The liver is the major site of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and replication. However, HCV may infect and replicate in extrahepatic sites as well. Several investigators have demonstrated that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are the major extrahepatic milieu of infection and viral replication. The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between RNA-HCV level in serum. ...

OBJECTIVE To study the immunomodulatory effects of Nigella sativa (NS) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) on a Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and a non-PHA stimulated proliferation. METHODS Cells isolated from human PBMCs which were treated with methanolic extract of NS for 48 h into two separate environments (PHA and non-PHA stimulated). Flow cytometry (for T helper/inducer cells ...

Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) isolation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) allows retrieval of replication-competent viral variants. In order to impose the smallest possible selective pressure on the viral isolates, isolation must be carried out in primary cultures of cells and not in tumor derived cell lines. The procedure involves culture of PBMCs from an infected patien...

Recent study shows close relationship between hypertension and inflammation. The concentration of inflammatory mediators is increased in patients with essential hypertension. Angiotensin II (Ang II) may contribute to inflammatory process. Previous studies showed that individuals with essential hypertension had increased interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (...