In this study, to improve the efficiency of the original Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI_original), we coupled the Soil and Water Assessment tool (SWAT) and PDSI_original to construct a drought index called PDSI_SWAT. The constructed PDSI_SWAT is applied in the Wei River Basin (WRB) of China during 1960–2012. The comparison of the PDSI_SWAT with four other commonly used drought indices reve...

The purpose of this paper is to quantify climatic controls on the area burned by fire in different vegetation types in the western United States. We demonstrate that wildfire area burned (WFAB) in the American West was controlled by climate during the 20th century (1916-2003). Persistent ecosystem-specific correlations between climate and WFAB are grouped by vegetation type (ecoprovinces). Most...

Ecological theory asserts that the climate of a region exerts top-down controls on regional ecosystem patterns and processes, across space and time. To provide empirical evidence of climatic controls, it would be helpful to define climatic regions that minimized variance in key climate attributes, within climatic regions—define the periods and features of climatic regimes, and then look for con...

Historical records of precipitation, streamflow and drought indices all show increased aridity since 1950 over many land areas1,2. Analyses of model-simulated soil moisture3,4, drought indices1,5,6 and precipitation-minus-evaporation7 suggest increased risk of drought in the twenty-first century. There are, however, large differences in the observed and modelsimulated drying patterns1,2,6. Reco...

Droughts are related with prolonged periods when moisture is significantly below normal values. Drought indices attempt to scale the main drought features to facilitate comparisons. Numerous indices are found in the literature based on different drought features. Many of them were created for particular places and specific objectives, and therefore not suitable to generalize the results. Howeve...

23 We demonstrate that wildfire area burned (WFAB) in the American West was significantly 24 controlled by climate (combinations of precipitation, temperature, and/or drought) during most 25 of the 20 century (1916-2003). Persistent, ecosystem-specific correlations between climate 26 variables and area burned are grouped by vegetation type for 16 ecoprovinces across the West. 27 Most mountainou...

We investigated magnetic structures of the centrosymmetric skyrmion material ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{2}{\mathrm{PdSi}}_{3}$ by means polarized neutron scattering near zero field with an isotope-$^{160}\mathrm{Gd}$-enriched single crystal. In a previous study, in at low temperatures were studied resonant x-ray measurements [T. Kurumaji et al., Science 365, 914 (2019)]. The present results confirm that s...

Abstract Background California in the year 2020 experienced a record breaking number of large fires. Here, we place this and other recent years historical context by examining records fire events state back to 1860. Since drought is commonly associated with events, investigated relationship droughts over 160 period. Results This study shows that extreme such as seen are not unknown historically...