The G protein-coupled free fatty acid receptor-1 (FFA1/GPR40) plays a major role in the regulation of insulin secretion by fatty acids. GPR40 is considered a potential therapeutic target to enhance insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes; however, its mode of regulation is essentially unknown. The aims of this study were to test the hypothesis that glucose regulates GPR40 gene expression in pancre...

background and aims: understanding β-cell function at the molecular level will likely facilitate the development of β-cells manufacture techniques. the aim of the present study was to investigate the pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (pdx-1) gene expression into dtz-stained cellular clusters originating from emberyonal carcinoma cells. methods: this implemental -fundamental study was accomplis...

Patient derived xenograft (PDX) is defined as a growth of patients’ tumor in the xenograft setting. The evolution of cancer model in animal has a century old history. The most single reason that exerted the pressure on the traditional animal model of cancer to evolve to PDX is that the traditional models have not delivered as expected and traditional models have not predicted clinical success. ...

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model is a cutting-edge approach for drug research on breast cancer. However, PDX still exhibits differences from original human tumors, thereby challenging the molecular understanding of tumorigenesis. In particular, gene expression changes after tissues are transplanted from human to mouse mod...

Recent evidence suggests that patient derived xenograft (PDX) models can maintain certain pathological and molecular features of the original disease. However, these characterizations are limited to immunohistochemistry or by tissue microarray analysis. We conducted a high-throughput sequencing of primary colon tumor and PDX has not been reported yet. Fresh primary colon cancer tissues that ori...

The orientation of the substrate camphor in the active site of reduced CO-bound cytochrome P450cam (CYP101) as a function of reduced putidaredoxin (Pdxr) addition has been examined by NMR using perdeuterated CYP101 and perdeuterated Pdx as well as isotopically labeled d-camphor. This permits the 1H resonances of CYP101-bound camphor to be observed without interference from the signals of CYP101...

The lack of effective therapies for bone metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) underscores the need for accurate models of the disease to enable the discovery of new therapeutic targets and to test drug sensitivities of individual tumors. To this end, the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) PCa model using immunocompromised mice was established to model the disease with greater fidelity than is possible...

Ovarian carcinosarcoma is a rare subtype of ovarian cancer with poor clinical outcomes. The low incidence of this disease makes accrual to large clinical trials challenging. However, studies have shown that treatment responses in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models correlate with matched-patient responses in the clinic, supporting their use for preclinical testing of standard and novel thera...

Pancreatic beta-cell-type-specific expression of the insulin gene requires both ubiquitous and cell-enriched activators, which are organized within the enhancer region into a network of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions to promote transcriptional synergy. Protein-protein-mediated communication between DNA-bound activators and the RNA polymerase II transcriptional machinery is inhibit...

Lack of clinically relevant tumor models dramatically hampers development of effective therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Establishment of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models that faithfully recapitulate the genetic and phenotypic features of HCC becomes important. In this study, we first established a cohort of 65 stable PDX models of HCC from corresponding Chinese patients. Then...