Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a very important mycotoxin, and its research is focused right now on the new findings of OTA, like being a complete carcinogen, information about OTA producers and new exposure sources of OTA. Citrinin (CIT) is another important mycotoxin, too, and its research turns towards nephrotoxicity. Both additive and synergistic effects have been described in combination with OTA. ...

A three-year study was undertaken to investigate the fungal species present on the surface of grape berries from Portuguese vineyards in four winemaking regions. Emphasis was given to Aspergillus and Penicillium species due to their relevance for mycotoxin production. From the 3517 fungal strains detected 27 genera were identified. The region of origin markedly influenced the spoilage fungal po...

Apple fruits are susceptible to pathogenic fungi such as Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum which responsible for significant pre- postharvest fruit losses. Given the strong restriction in use of synthetic agrochemicals, especially during phase, alternatives currently sought a more sustainable management apple storage. The antifungal activity thyme, clove, anise, camphor, juniper essenti...

Penicillium expansum is a major postharvest fungal pathogen and the causal agent of blue mold decay in apples. Epsilon-poly-l-lysine (?-PL) naturally-occurring polypeptide that has strong antimicrobial activity. It primarily used to suppress foodborne pathogens bread, beverage, meat products, etc. The potential application ?-PL management diseases fruit, however, not been explored. In present s...