This work establishes a new procedure for the extraction and analysis of pentacyclic triterpenes, with which fruits and leaves from three Spanish olive cultivars ("Picual", "Hojiblanca", and "Arbequina") has been studied. The leaf contains important amounts of oleanolic acid (3.0-3.5% DW), followed by significant concentrations of maslinic acid and minor levels of ursolic acid, erythrodiol, and...

A novel oleanene triterpenetetrol was isolated from the chloroform extract of the aerial parts of Leontodon filii. Its structure was shown to be 2beta,3beta,15alpha,21beta-olean-12-ene-2,3,15,21-tetrol by chemical and spectroscopic methods. The fungicidal efficacy of the chloroform and methanol extracts of the plant was also evaluated, a protective effect being found against Plasmopara viticola...

solvable graphs (also known as reachable graphs) are types of graphs that any arrangement of a specified number of agents located on the graph’s vertices can be reached from any initial arrangement through agents’ moves along the graph’s edges, while avoiding deadlocks (interceptions). in this paper, the properties of solvable graphs are investigated, and a new concept in multi agent moti...

The tenacity of an incomplete connected graph G is defined as T (G) = min{ |S|+m(G−S) ω(G−S) : S ⊂ V (G), ω(G− S) > 1}, where ω(G− S) and m(G− S), respectively, denote the number of components and the order of a largest component inG−S. This is a reasonable parameter to measure the vulnerability of networks, as it takes into account both the amount of work done to damage the network and how bad...

Topoi are known to be categories with extra properties that make them much alike the category of Sets. In a Topoi it is possible to define adequate notions of membership, elements and subobjects, power ”sets”, and finally, every Topoi has an internal logic able to justify any reasoning carried inside it. Most of the cases, this logic is not Classical (Boolean). The general logic for the Topoi i...

Article history: Available online 25 March 2011 Submitted by J.J. Loiseau AMS classification: 15A80 15A39 15A03