A telephone survey of domestic Australian tourists was conducted to determine the relative contribution they make to estimates of per capita alcohol consumption. The overall drinking patterns of interstate tourists were examined, along with contrasts between those who visit the Northern Territory and those who visit other parts of the country. The results show that drinking generally increased ...

in order to promote and improve the quality of educational spaces and achieving a comprehensive statistics, evaluation and analysis of schools neglected in most iran’s schools,  while educational spaces play an important role in the social and cultural structure and population growing and schools as one of the most basic educational centers, study on this field is important. therefore, schools ...

objectives: each year, the united nations publishes an annual report titled by “human development report” for all countries around the world which in which the complex index for human development for achieving health life alongside education and economic welfare is examined. the innate ambiguity in estimation of human development index has brought about numerous criticism against the method of ...

study by Masood et al. [2012]. Taking into account the collective flow of sugared goods (sugar, syrup, honey), in fact the per capita sugar consumption in Switzerland was 42.3 kg in 2004 and has not changed significantly since [Swiss Farmers’ Union, 2010]. The World Health Organization [2011] also reported a sugar consumption of about 40 kg per capita per year in Switzerland. Thus, sugar consum...

China has to feed 20% of the global population with only about 5% of the planet's water resources and 7% of its arable land. With such limited natural conditions, however, China's grain production has increased from about 200 kg per capita in 1949 to about 400 kg in the early 1990s. Hunger as a social problem has largely disappeared after being prevalent in China for several thousand years with...

The irreversible reduction of urban open and green spaces has increased the environmental problems in cities on one hand, negatively affected quality life other. Bringing city nature together again become a common concern for environment-city-focused professions. Green infrastructure systems, approaches put forward with these concerns by increasing capacity ecosystem services. Yıldırım, which w...

Despite positive aspects of energy consumption, their negative externalities i.e., environmental pollutions, are considerable. Green taxes, paid for products and services that are not environmentally friendly, are recommended as an efficient way of improving health indices. Since, Iran is among the countries with high per capita consumption of energy, pollution can be a kind of threat. In this ...

in this paper, we have studied the effect of population on iranian economic growth by using optimal growth theory. optimal growth theory is a nonlinear dynamic planning. classical approaches in mathematics are used for solving these nonlinear systems. but, in this study, we have used genetic algorithm (ga) method. as results show, it seems that population growth in previous years (1350- 1386), ...

'Genuine' saving values the total change in economic assets and, as such, provides an indicator of whether an economy is on a sustainable path. New estimates of genuine saving from the World Bank broaden the usual national accounts definitions of assets to include human capital, minerals, energy, forest resources and the stock of atmospheric CO2. The paper explores the issue of measuring change...

Understanding and considering the distribution of per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is important in designing international climate change proposals and incentives for participation. I evaluate historic international emissions distributions and forecast future distributions to assess whether per capita emissions have been converging or will converge. I find evidence of convergence among...