D entistry is in the midst of a major transition. One key driver of change is the Affordable Care Act (ACA), which has many provisions relevant to the dental care sector. A key provision of the ACA is Medicaid expansion, which has the potential to reshape the dental benefits landscape considerably. Let’s first look at trends in Medicaid before ACA. For more than a decade, public health insuranc...

In a greening Arctic, Iceland stands out as an area with very high increases in the AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI, 1982–2010). We investigated the possible sources of this anomalous greening in Iceland’s dynamic landscape, analyzing changes due to volcanism and warming temperatures, and the effects of agricultural and industrial land use changes. The analysis showed the inc...

[1] There is an emerging viewpoint that the sediment flux at a given point on the landscape may be influenced by landscape properties in a region extending away from the point of interest. Using a general sediment transport model that incorporates this non-local nature via fractional derivatives, we find a strong asymmetry in the direction in which the non-locality affects a given point: For er...

landscape ecology as a modern interdisciplinary science offers new concepts, theories, and methods for land evaluation and management. a main part of landscape ecology is describing patterns in the landscape and interpreting the ecological effects of these patterns on flora, fauna, flow of energy and materials. remote sensing and gis techniques have a high ability for landscape researchers to s...

what has turned “nature” into a landscape and a tourism destination has transformed over time and comprised various aspects in different definitions. landscape definitions have considered nature as a tourism destination in multiple points of view. four main viewpoints are debatable in a time period from the first landscape definition till today. the first definition discusses the pictorial and ...

The interrelationships of the fundamental biological processes natural selection, mutation, and stochastic drift are quantified by the entropy rate of Moran processes with mutation, measuring the long-run variation of a Markov process. The entropy rate is shown to behave intuitively with respect to evolutionary parameters such as monotonicity with respect to mutation probability (for the neutra...