BACKGROUND Speculated causes of post lumbar surgery syndrome include epidural fibrosis, acquired stenosis, and facet joint pain among other causes. Even though fluoroscopically directed caudal epidural injections and facet joint interventions are effective in some patients, others continue to suffer with chronic persistent pain. Percutaneous adhesiolysis with target delivery of medications has ...

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a standard treatment for patients with large or complex kidney stones. The procedure has traditionally included postoperative placement of a nephrostomy tube to allow for drainage and possible reentry. This practice was first implemented after complications incurred after tubeless PCNL in a small patient population. Recently, tubeless PCNL has reemerged as...

percutaneous nephrolithotomy (pnl) is commonly used to treat patients with complex renal calculi. placing a nephrostomy tube is the last step after completing pnl. significant early postoperative discomfort after percutaneous procedure is usually secondary to nephrostomy tubes. the goal of this study is to evaluate the safety of tubeless pnl. a total of 45 patients with mean age of 46.6 years e...

cyproterone acetate (ca) has been loaded to liposome by solvent evaporation and thin film formation technique. the effects of some formulation variables such as temperature of organic solvent evaporation, rotary evaporator speed, volume of organic solvent, volume of balloon and temperature of hydrating buffer has been evaluated. the data showed that bigger balloon with higher surface area has b...

he number of percutaneous coronary revascularization rocedures performed has skyrocketed in recent years. The ationale for this acceleration has been the rapid and ustained relief of angina with percutaneous coronary revasularization and its ease of delivery relative to surgery. lthough it is clear that for the majority of patients ercutaneous and surgical revascularization therapies serve ainl...

Over the last 35 years, there has been dramatic progress in the technology and applicability of percutaneous techniques to treat obstructive coronary heart disease. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has a considerable evidence base and it is firmly established as the most common procedure used in the invasive treatment of patients with coronary heart disease in the UK. This set of guidel...

Nutritional support is often an integral part of patient management. There are three principal access routes used for nutrient delivery: oral, enteral (tube feeding) and parenteral. Tube feeding is indicated for those patients who, in the presence of a functional gastrointestinal tract, cannot, should not or will not consume adequate nutrition orally. A number of different routes may be used in...

Pregnancy can cause life threatening complications in women with mitral stenosis, and there is a substantial risk of fetal death if valvotomy under cardiopulmonary bypass is required. A patient is described in whom pulmonary oedema developed after delivery of her first child by caesarean section 13 months previously. Subsequent cardiac catheterisation showed severe mitral stenosis (valve area 0...

Enternal nutrition is an important mode of treatment for Crohn's disease in children. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy has been little used, even through it can facilitate the administration of an unpalatable elemental diet to an anorexic, undernourished patients. Its use is reported in 10 children with Crohn's disease. The gastrostomy was found to be more acceptable than a nasogastric tube ...

background ureteral stents are widely used in many urologic practices. however, stents can cause significant complications including migration, fragmentation, and encrustation and it may possibly be forgotten. successful management of a retained, encrusted stent requires combined endourological approaches. objectives to present our experience with the approaches for treating forgotten ureteral ...