The peroneal artery perforator (PNAP) flap is a good choice for reconstruction in intraoral soft-tissue rehabilitation. In this article, the authors propose the use of a modified PNAP flap with pedicle extension.

BACKGROUND Breast reshaping after massive weight loss represents a challenging procedure because of severe hypoplasia and tissue ptosis. Standard mastopexy techniques are often inadequate to restore a pleasant profile and volume. The authors present their experience with the anterior intercostal artery perforator flap in breast autologous augmentation and remodeling. METHODS Fifteen bariatric...

Introduction: Several studies report good results of single perforator flap transfers for reconstruction of soft-tissue defects at the lower leg and the foot. The novel aspect of our study is application on combination of hinged perforator flaps transfers in high-risk patients with post-traumatic osteomyelitis. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as a retrospective clinical trial fro...

BACKGROUND A great variety of flaps have been used in lower limb reconstructive surgery: random pattern flaps, axial flaps and free microsurgical transfers with many variants. After further research on the cutaneous blood supply and improvement of microsurgical techniques, perforator propeller flaps began to be studied and used. MATERIAL AND METHOD A propeller flap is defined as an insular fl...

BACKGROUND The medial sural (medial gastrocnemius) perforator flap is a thin flap with a long pedicle. It has tremendous potential for applications in a variety of soft-tissue defects. We aimed to further clarify the vascular anatomy of the medial sural region and establish a safe approach for elevation of this flap. METHODS Ten fresh cadaveric lower limbs were injected and used in this study...

In 2009, we have described the use of freestyle facial artery perforator flaps for one-stage nose reconstruction. Since then, several articles have reported the use of facial artery perforator flaps for nose reconstruction. The purpose of this article is to provide an update of the published technique after 10 years of experience. Since 2004, 21 patients have been treated with a freestyle facia...

Introduction: Perforator-based flaps can be planned in any anatomic location the body when there is a detectable perforator. Although preoperative perforator mapping ensures safety and versatility of these flaps, no consensus yet about flap planning different anatomical locations.
 Material Method: 28 patients underwent perforator-based surgery for locations as face (5), sternum (3), back ...

Oncoplastic breast surgery has become a popular choice of treatment for breast reconstruction after mastectomy. There are two different techniques in oncoplastic surgery depending on the volume of the excised breast tissue. One is the volume displacement procedure, which combines resection with a variety of different breast-reshaping and breast-reduction techniques; the other is the volume repl...

The medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap captures the cutaneous territory of the medial calf, and can potentially be advantageous as a thin free flap, even in the most obese individual, for coverage of most foot and/or ankle defects where bulk is a liability. The anatomy is fairly constant, as usually at least one reasonably large perforator can always be found emanating from the medial h...