Spoonerisms are defined as involuntary rearrangements of elements in the serial order of speech, as when waste the term is produced as taste the werm. An analysis of 124 Spoonerisms in the natural speech of Germans showed that: 1. Identical phonemes usually preceded (or followed) the reversed phonemes. 2. Reversals preceding identical phonemes were as common as reversals following identical pho...

We propose an optoelectronic parallel-matching architecture (PMA) that provides powerful processing capabilities in global processing compared with conventional parallel-computing architectures. The PMA is composed of a global processor called a parallel-matching (PM) module and multiple processing elements (PE's). The PM module is implemented by a large-fan-out free-space optical interconnecti...

The token distribution problem is an important data distribution problem akin to the problems of sorting and routing, in which data elements, or tokens-must be evenly distributed amongst the processors of a parallel network. To date, all algorithms to solve this problem on the mesh and reconngurable mesh architectures have lagged (in terms of the time required to obtain a solution) the state-of...

Bouma's law of crowding predicts an uncrowded central window through which we can read and a crowded periphery through which we cannot. The old discovery that readers make several fixations per second, rather than a continuous sweep across the text, suggests that reading is limited by the number of letters that can be acquired in one fixation, without moving one's eyes. That "visual span" has b...

Reading is a unique, cognitive human skill crucial to life in modern societies, but, for about 10% of the children, learning to read is extremely difficult. They are affected by a neurodevelopmental disorder called dyslexia. Although impaired auditory and speech sound processing is widely assumed to characterize dyslexic individuals, emerging evidence suggests that dyslexia could arise from a m...

A growing methodology, known as the systems factorial technology (SFT), is being developed to diagnose the types of information-processing architectures (serial, parallel, or coactive) and stopping rules (exhaustive or self-terminating) that operate in tasks of multidimensional perception. Whereas most previous applications of SFT have been in domains of simple detection and visual-memory searc...

Introduction Cognitive models of how oral reading is normally accomplished are typically developed and tested on the basis of experimental data gathered from skilled readers. Increasingly, however, information from other sources is playing an important role in the elaboration of such models. Detailed analyses of the eeects of focal brain lesions on skills such as oral reading can place limits o...

The existence of a polysemy effect in episodic memory is demonstrated through an analysis of data from the experiments of Lohnas et al. (2015) and Healey and Kahana (2016). Three word-length related features are reported: (1) the average distance between the serial positions of consecutively recalled words is an increasing function of the second word’s length; (2) the recall of words in the ord...

Living beings are surrounded by various changes exhibiting periodical rhythms in environment. The environmental changes are imprinted in organisms in various pattern. The phenomena are believed to match the external signal with organisms in order to increase their survival rate. The signals are categorized into circadian, seasonal, and annual cycles. Among the cycles, the circadian rhythm is re...

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