Sumber energi dan biomarker terhadap kondisi fisiologis ikan dipengaruhi oleh faktor kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil pada gelodok (Periopthalmodon schlosseri) di Desa Tanipah Kuala Lupak, Kabupaten Barito sebagai sumber pengetahuan. Metode yang digunakan adalah GOD-PAP yaitu penetapan darah dari sampel serum plasma secara enzimatik menggunakan Glukosa Oksid...

Human-induced global warming and species introductions are rapidly altering the composition and functioning of Earth's marine ecosystems. Ascidians (Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Tunicata, Class Ascidiacea) are likely to play an increasingly greater role in marine communities. The colonial ascidian B. schlosseri is a cryptic species complex comprising five genetically divergent clades (A-E). Clade...

Transplantation immunity based on the recognition of MHC molecules is well described in vertebrates. Vertebrates, however, do not undergo transplantation reaction naturally. The phylogenetically closest group in which transplantation reactions can occur is the Urochordata. Therefore, these animals occupy a key position for understanding the evolution of the vertebrate immune system. When screen...

The colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri expresses a unique allorecognition system. When two histoincompatible Botryllus colonies come into direct contact, they develop an inflammatory-like rejection response. A surprising high number of vertebrates' coagulation genes and coagulation-related domains were disclosed in a cDNA library of differentially expressed sequence tags (ESTs), prepared fo...

Organisms that have evolved alternative modes of reproduction, complementary to the sexual mode, are found across metazoans. The chordate Botryllus schlosseri is an emerging model for asexual development studies. Botryllus can rebuild its entire body from a portion of adult epithelia in a continuous and stereotyped process called blastogenesis. Anatomy and ontogenies of blastogenesis are well d...

Nearly all colonial marine invertebrates are capable of allorecognition--the ability to distinguish between self and genetically distinct members of the same species. When two or more colonies grow into contact, they either reject each other and compete for the contested space or fuse and form a single, chimeric colony. The specificity of this response is conferred by genetic systems that restr...

Migratory neural crest-like cells, which express the cell surface antigen HNK-1 and develop into pigment cells, have recently been identified in the ascidian Ecteinascidia turbinata. Here we use HNK-1 expression as a marker to determine whether neural crest-like cells are responsible for pigment development in diverse ascidian species. We surveyed HNK-1 expression and tyrosinase activity in 12 ...

Apoptosis is an important tool for shaping developing organs and for maintaining cellular homeostasis. In the colonial urochordate Botryllus schlosseri, apoptosis is also the hallmark end point in blastogenesis, a cyclical and weekly developmental phenomenon. Then the entire old generation of zooids are eliminated (resorbed) by a process that lasts 24-36 h. Administration of the antioxidant but...