A generalization of the original peridynamic framework for solid mechanics is proposed. This generalization permits the response of a material at a point to depend collectively on the deformation of all bonds connected to the point. This extends the types of material response that can be reproduced by peridynamic theory to include an explicit dependence on such collectively determined quantitie...

Earthquake-induced ground failure, in the form of liquefaction or slope instability, manifests itself as permanent ground deformation (PGD), which can cause significant damage to buildings and infrastructure. Current methodologies for the evaluation of ground failure related earthquake losses are considerably less advanced than those for ground shaking. Most existing damage scales do not incorp...

Material and methods. The study assessed 2 types of chains. The first phase of the study evaluated 1) the tensile strength of the chains; and 2) elongation at the time of tearing in an environment outside of the oral cavity (without exposition). The second phase of the study evaluated 1) permanent deformation after stretching; 2) elongation at the time of tearing; and 3) the tensile strength of...

A continuum electromechanical model is proposed to describe the membrane curvature induced by electrostatic interactions in a solvated protein-membrane system. The model couples the macroscopic strain energy of membrane and the electrostatic solvation energy of the system, and equilibrium membrane deformation is obtained by minimizing the electroelastic energy functional with respect to the die...

The hidden nature of subgrades makes the effective monitoring their deformation very difficult. This paper addresses this issue by proposing use fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology. Here, an FBG is encapsulated within a tube formed from polyvinyl chloride tube, and one end fixed perpendicular to concrete column, forming cantilever beam system. assessed according theoretical relationshi...