Proteins are major targets for radicals and two-electron oxidants in biological systems due to their abundance and high rate constants for reaction. With highly reactive radicals damage occurs at multiple side-chain and backbone sites. Less reactive species show greater selectivity with regard to the residues targeted and their spatial location. Modification can result in increased side-chain h...

Lipid peroxidation is a degenerative chain reaction in biological membranes that may be initiated by exposure to free radicals. This process is associated with changes in the membrane fluidity and loss of several cell membrane-dependent functions. 5-methoxytryptophol (ML) is an indole isolated from the mammalian pineal gland. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ML (0. 01...

Generation of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in hypoxia-reperfusion injury may form a cytotoxic metabolite, peroxynitrite, which is capable of causing lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. This study was designed to examine the contribution of oxidative and nitrosative stress to the renal damage in ischemic acute renal failure (iARF). iARF was initiated in rats by 45-min renal artery cla...

Bisphosphonates such as alendronate and risedronate are commonly used for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. They have the gastrointestinal adverse effects such as erosions and ulcers in stomach and small intestine. However, the detailed biological mechanism remains to be elucidated. Since alendronate is suggested to increase the risk of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related g...

abstract this experiment was carried out to determine the effects of proline and ascorbic acid on chilling injury, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, peroxide hydrogen and antioxidant enzymes activity of thompson grape (vitis vinifera l.) fruit. grape fruits were treated by 0 (control), 250 and 500 µm proline and 0 (control), 2 and 4% ascorbic acid and their combinations, then stored at 1...