A striking correlation between neural expression and high net negative charge in some teleost isozymes led to the interesting, yet untested, suggestion that negative charge represents an adaptation (via natural selection) to the neural environment. We examine the evolution of the triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) gene family in fishes for periods of positive selection. Teleost fish express two TP...

In a recent study on Gulf War veterans who developed delayed neurotoxicity symptoms, we found their levels of serum paraoxonase (PON1) isozyme type Q to be significantly lower than in the control, unaffected veteran group. These results were obtained in 25 ill veterans and 20 well control subjects, of which 10 were deployed and 10 were nondeployed battalion members who remained in the United St...

As part of a study of the regulation of aspartate aminotransferase isozymes (EC 2.6.1. l), we have investigated the characteristics of inhibition of the anionic and cationic isozymes by u-erythrose 4-phosphate and glycolaldehyde phosphate, the naturally occurring homologues of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Erythrose-4-P has been found to be a time-dependent inhibitor of both the cationic and an...

From the Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90024, and the Veterans Administration Center, Los Angeles, California 90073; the Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, New York 14620; and the Department of Medicine, Dartm...

In all eukaryotic cells that have been examined, specific membrane arrays are induced in response to increased levels of the ER membrane protein, HMG-CoA reductase. Analysis of these inducible membranes has the potential to reveal basic insights into general membrane assembly. Yeast express two HMG-CoA reductase isozymes, and each isozyme induces a morphologically distinct proliferation of the ...

Crude extracts of triple-cloned, purified cultures of 22 species of Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma were examined for expression of 21 isozyme systems routinely used to type mammalian cells. Nine previously described enzymes (purine nucleoside phosphorylase, adenylate kinase, dipeptidase, esterase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose phosphate isomerase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogen...

A new isozyme of cytochrome P-450, designated from 3a on the basis of its relative electrophoretic mobility, has been purified to homogeneity from liver microsomes of rabbits treated chronically with ethanol. This cytochrome has the highest activity of the known rabbit P-450 isozymes in the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. In view of the reports of others that the hepatotoxicity of acetami...

The electrophoretic patterns of esterase (E-l), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) isozymes were studied in two Spanish populations of the lily Scilla autumnalis with Bchromosome carrying individuals. The E-l isozyme activity appears only in those individuals with B-chromosomes. None of the bulbs free of B’s show it. Five bulbs, mosaic for B-content, were...

Esterase activity between the resistant Crawford and susceptible CSMA strains of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), was compared with the substrates alpha- and beta-naphthyl acetate across sex and nymphal age classes. Esterase isozyme analysis with native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis also was conducted to identify quantitative and qualitative differences between strains, sexes, a...

Efficient handling of oxidative stress is critical for the survival of organisms. The orphan nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR) is important in xenobiotic detoxification through its regulation of phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing/detoxifying enzymes and transporters. In this study we unexpectedly found that the expression of an activated human PXR in transgenic female mice resulted...