INTRODUCTION Osteochondroma is a common benign bone tumor, protruding from the underlying normal bone. Osteochondromas can cause pain depending on their location and size. The pes anserinus is located at the proximal medial side of the tibia, where the tendinous insertions of the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus muscles collectively attach. Pes anserinus syndrome, or anserine bursitis, is...

The direct feeding of Jatropha meal containing phorbol esters (PEs) indicated mild to severe toxicity symptoms in various organs of different animals. However, limited information is available on cellular and molecular mechanism of toxicity caused by PEs present in Jatropha meal. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine the cytotoxic and mode of action of PEs isolated from Jatropha me...

INTRODUCTION The use of statins and medicated stents (MS) is the best available therapy for the treatment of severe coronary disease in selected cases. However, the vascular effects of the simultaneous use of both therapies are unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS An experimental study was carried out on 60 NZ rabbits with advanced atherosclerosis, distributed in four groups of 15 animals each. Gro...

It has been proposed that subclinical psychotic experiences (PEs) may causally impact on each other over time and engage with one another in patterns of mutual reinforcement and feedback. This subclinical network of experiences in turn may facilitate the onset of psychotic disorder. PEs, however, are not inherently distressing, nor do they inevitably lead to impairment. The question arises ther...

The Caenorhabditis elegans gene pes-1 encodes a transcription factor of the forkhead family and is expressed in specific cells of the early embryo. Despite these observations suggesting pes-1 to have an important regulatory role in embryogenesis, inactivation of pes-1 caused no apparent phenotype. This lack of phenotype is a consequence of genetic redundancy. Whereas a weak, transitory effect w...

Even a cursory reading of the public engagement in science (PES) literature over the past decade reveals that public engagement is becoming part of the ‘‘orthodoxy of 21st century science policy’’ (Stilgoe, Nanodialogues: experiments in public engagement with science, 2007, p 16), Moving forward, there appears to be strong consensus that (1) public engagement is an essential component for shapi...

According to the literature, people with foot deformities report poor quality of life and nearly one-third population has some type deformity. Of all deformities, Pes Planus, caused by loss medial longitudinal arch foot, pes cavus, having an abnormally high plantar arch, are ones that negatively influence productivity society most. In light above, this study proposes a novel mobile pre-diagnosi...

Payments for ecosystem services (PES) have become a popular approach to bring about improved environmental behaviors. When such programs are launched in developing countries, an additional benefit is that they are said to improve incomes for the poor. In this paper, we argue that PES schemes are not ‘market-based’. Indeed, they are not even ‘market-like’. The incentive properties said to be pre...

Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a commonly used model to detect rewarding effect of drugs. To observe the effect of peripheral electric stimulation (PES) on morphine-induced CPP, we trained the rats with morphine in a CPP paradigm. Twelve hours before the testing phase, rats were given PES via stainless-steel needles with frequencies of 2, 100, or 2/100 Hz, respectively. PES of 2 and 2/10...

People tend to slow down after they commit an error, a phenomenon known as post-error slowing (PES). It has been proposed that slowing after negative feedback or unforeseen errors is linked to the activity of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system, but there is little direct evidence for this hypothesis. Here, we assessed the causal role of the noradrenergic system in modulating PES ...