Phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins are widely used as wood adhesives in the industrial production of exterior-grade plywood panels, oriented strand board panels and particleboards due to their superior performance including high bonding strength, heat resistance, excellent water resistance and chemical stability1. However, phenol, one raw material for the synthesis of PF resins, is a petroleum-bas...

The petroleum activities on the Norwegian Continental Shelf are subject to regulations issued by the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate. One important issue in these regulations is the use of acceptance criteria, and this paper discusses some philosophical aspects of acceptance criteria for risk, and the role of statistical decision theory within safety management. Statistical decision theory has ...

Exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine, alternatively powered by gasoline or by liquefied petroleum gas, were analysed for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. The engine operated a lift truck for the handling of warehouse goods. A combined condensation-filtration apparatus was constructed for sampling of the exhausts. The basic steps of the analytical procedure are summarized here. Sev...

The aromatization reaction of liquefied petroleum gas has been studied by using three liquefied petroleum gases as raw material and LBO-A as catalyst, and four lump kinetics models networks have been put up on the basis of lump theory and the aromatization reaction mechanism. In the network the aromatization reaction species was firstly lumped into C 4 , propylene, low molecule hydrocarbon, liq...

Because of economics, petroleum coke sometimes replaces or supplements coal as a fuel in power plant combustors. Fly ashes were recovered from the combustion of petroleum coke with moderateto high-sulfur Illinois Basin bituminous coal in a western Kentucky power plant. The fly ashes primarily consist of glass, quartz, mullite and spinels. When compared with ordinary fly ashes from Illinois Basi...

To investigate the antiarrthritic activity of petroleum-ether extract of Portulaca oleracea. The petroleum-ether extract of Portulaca oleracea was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. Acute toxicity studies were carried out in Male Wistar rats and anti-arthritic activity by Fruends adjuant arthritis model. Phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavon...

HE question of the origin of petroleum has long been debated. In the history of this question, the fact of the optical activity of petroleum has occupied an important place. It was pointed out ( 1 , 2 ) by Walden that "inorganic" hypotheses for explaining the origin of petroleum did not account for its optical activity. Because of the increasing certainty that all petroleums possessed optical a...

in this study, micromorphological properties of some samples collected from pedons polluted with petroleum refinery wastes and some adjacent unpolluted pedons were studied. after description of the studied pedons, disturbed and undisturbed samples were collected for physicochemical and micromorphological analyses. the results showed that the physicochemical properties (i.e. structure, bulk dens...

Petroleum and coal tar pitches have been treated thermally at 4008C and 4708C, extracted with toluene and subsequently activated with CO at 9008C. With one exception, the development of the micropore widths and volumes in the resulting 2 carbons follows the trend observed for carbons based essentially on precursors of vegetable origin. On the other hand, petroleum pitch treated at 4008C leads t...