BACKGROUND Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) is a biopolymer with many useful properties making it applicable for instance in food and skin care industries, in wastewater treatment, in biodegradable plastics or in the pharmaceutical industry. γ-PGA is usually produced microbially by different Bacillus spp. The produced γ-PGA increases the viscosity of the fermentation broth. In case of shake flask ...

BACKGROUND p-Phenylenediamine (PDA) or its related chemicals are used more extensively than oxidative hair dyes. However, permanent hair dyes such as PDA are known to have potent contact allergy reactions in humans, and severe allergic reactions are problematic. METHODS PDA-incorporated nanoparticles were prepared based on ion-complex formation between the cationic groups of PDA and the anion...

We investigated the effect of high molecular weight polygamma- glutamic acid (hm gamma-PGA) on adiposity and lipid metabolism of rats in the presence of an obesity-inducing diet. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a normal-fat (11.4% kcal fat, NFC) or high-fat (51% kcal fat, HFC) diet. After 5 weeks, half of each diet-fed group was treated with hm gamma-PGA (NFP or HFP) for 4 weeks....

OBJECTIVE To develop and assess the psychometric properties of the Localized Scleroderma (LS) Skin Damage Index (LoSDI) and Physician Global Assessment of disease Damage (PGA-D). METHODS Damage was defined as irreversible/persistent changes (>6 months) due to previous active disease/complications of therapy. Eight rheumatologists assessed the importance of 17 variables in formulating the PGA-...

Penicillin G acylase (PGA; EC 3.5.1.11) is a hydrolytic enzyme that acts on the side chains of penicillin G, cephalosporin G and related ntibiotics to produce the -lactam antibiotic intermediates 6-amino penicillanic acid (6-APA) and 7-amino des-acetoxy cephalosporanic acid 7-ADCA), with phenyl acetic acid (PAA) as a common by-product. These antibiotic intermediates are among the potential buil...

We studied the folate requirements of a human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, MOLT-3, and methotrexate (MTX)-resistant sublines established in vitro. The requirement of pteroylglutamate (PGA) for optimal cell growth was different for each cell line. With increasing MTX resistance, there was progressive increase in PGA requirements, moving the PGA concentration-cell growth curve (dose-re...

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Recently allogenic mesenchymal stem cells are proposed to have multipotential progenitor cell capabilities to differentiate into cementoblasts, osteoblasts, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts. PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of human umbilical stem cells cultured on polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA) membrane with PLA/PGA...

OBJECTIVE Our aim was to compare image quality, coronary segment assessability and radiation dose in prospectively gated axial (PGA) coronary CT angiography (CTA) and conventional retrospectively gated helical (RGH) coronary CTA. METHODS Institutional review committee approval and informed consent were obtained. RGH CTA was performed in 41 consecutive patients (33 males, 8 females; mean age 5...

In order to evaluate the biocompatibility and bioactivity of recently described nanocomposite coatings, consisting of polyelectrolyte multilayers interspersed with calcium apatite crystals, extensive cell culture tests have been applied to coated and uncoated chemically etched titanium plates. The coatings had top calcium phosphate layers (PLL/PGA)10CaP[(PLL/PGA)5CaP]4 (A) or top polyelectrolyt...

BACKGROUND Penicillin G acylase (PGA) is used industrially to catalyze the hydrolysis of penicillin G to obtain 6-aminopenicillanic acid. In Escherichia coli, the most-studied microorganism for PGA production, this enzyme accumulates in the periplasmic cell space, and temperature plays an important role in the correct synthesis of its subunits. RESULTS This work investigates the influence of ...